Photoinduced, Copper-Catalyzed Alkylation of Amides with Unactivated Secondary Alkyl Halides at Room Temperature
作者:Hien-Quang Do、Shoshana Bachman、Alex C. Bissember、Jonas C. Peters、Gregory C. Fu
DOI:10.1021/ja4126609
日期:2014.2.5
The development of a mild and general method for the alkylation of amides with relatively unreactive alkyl halides (i.e., poor substrates for SN2 reactions) is an ongoing challenge in organic synthesis. We describe herein a versatile transition-metal-catalyzed approach: in particular, a photoinduced, copper-catalyzed monoalkylation of primary amides. A broad array of alkyl and aryl amides (as well as
开发一种温和而通用的方法,用相对不活泼的卤代烷(即 SN2 反应的不良底物)对酰胺进行烷基化是有机合成中的一个持续挑战。我们在此描述了一种通用的过渡金属催化方法:特别是光诱导、铜催化的伯酰胺单烷基化。一系列广泛的烷基和芳基酰胺(以及内酰胺和 2-恶唑烷酮)与未活化的仲(和受阻伯)烷基溴和碘结合使用一组相对简单和温和的条件:廉价的 CuI 作为催化剂,无需单独添加配体,并在室温下形成 CN 键。该方法与多种官能团兼容,例如烯烃、氨基甲酸酯、噻吩和吡啶,并已应用于阿片受体拮抗剂的合成。一系列机械观察,包括反应性和立体化学研究,与耦合途径一致,包括铜-酰胺络合物的光激发,然后是电子转移以形成烷基。
Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive Addition of Aryl/Benzyl Halides and Pseudohalides to Carbodiimides for the Synthesis of Amides
作者:Farhad Panahi、Fereshteh Jamedi、Nasser Iranpoor
DOI:10.1002/ejoc.201501349
日期:2016.2
A Nickel-catalyzed reductive process is described for the directamidation of benzyl and aryl halides using carbodiimides as the amidating agent. Moreover, aryl and benzyl C–O electrophiles such as triflate, acetate, tosylate, trityl ether, and pivalate were converted into amides using this method. The in-situ-generated Ni0 acts as a catalyst for the reaction at room temperature for benzylic substrates
An efficient ligand-free protocol has been developed for the amincocarbonylation of aryl iodides with aromatic/aliphatic amines using palladium(II) acetate as a catalyst in water under milder operating conditions. The system tolerated a wide variety of hindered and functionalized aryl iodides/amines and afforded the desired amides in excellent yields at low catalyst concentration.
Metal‐free Photocatalytic Intermolecular anti‐Markovnikov Hydroamination of Unactivated Alkenes
作者:Gaoyuan Zhao、Juncheng Li、Ting Wang
DOI:10.1002/ejoc.202100049
日期:2021.5.14
A metal‐free intermolecularhydroamination reaction induced by visible light was developed. These reactions show great generality of a variety of N‐radicals and alkenes, providing direct access to various masked amines. The radical strategy provides excellent anti‐Markovnikov selectivity and regioselectivity in diene substrates.
F<sup>+</sup> Reagent-Promoted Pd-Catalyzed C7–H Arylation of 1-Naphthamides
作者:Min Zhang、Anping Luo、Yang Shi、Rongchuan Su、Yudong Yang、Jingsong You
DOI:10.1021/acscatal.9b04352
日期:2019.12.6
for remote C7–H functionalizations of the naphthalene rings is greatly challenging. Disclosed herein is an example of direct and regioselective arylation of the naphthalene rings at the C7 position that is promoted by F+ reagents. This protocol features good tolerance of reactive functional groups, mild reaction conditions, and simple reaction system. By control experiments, a kinetic isotope effect (KIE)