The Political Role of the Internet in Societies in Transition: Russia and Ukraine Compared
摘要:
Our research investigates the opportunities provided by the Internet for political parties to communicate to the electorate, and the extent to which party websites are used versus other information sources on the Web. We find that parties in Parliament, major parties and newly created parties are more prominent online than others, and, based on standard quality indicators, that parliamentary parties and new parties have better quality websites. This confirms some of the findings concerning parties online in established democracies. On comparing party with news websites, however, we find that sites of online-only newspapers are the most popular; that online versions of offline news outlets are of secondary importance, in contrast to what has been found in established democracies; and that party and politician websites are of least importance to users, based on the number of hits to these websites. The political role of the Internet in Russia and Ukraine is discussed in conclusion.
ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUND, ORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICE INCLUDING THE SAME, AND DIAGNOSTIC COMPOSITION INCLUDING THE ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUND
申请人:Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
公开号:US20210167303A1
公开(公告)日:2021-06-03
An organometallic compound represented by Formula 1, an organic light-emitting device including the organometallic compound, and a diagnostic composition including the organometallic compound are provided:
M
1
(L
11
)
n11
(L
12
)
n12
Formula 1
wherein, in Formula 1, L
11
may be a ligand represented by Formula 1-1, and the other substituents may be understood by referring to the descriptions thereof provided in the detailed description:
Insight into the mechanism of 3,3′-dimethyl-4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane synthesis over Hβ zeolite
作者:Yingkuo Yang、Yingxian Zhao、Jianhua Shao、Shengjian Zhang、Rongqiang Yang
DOI:10.1016/j.molcata.2014.10.028
日期:2015.3
Heterogeneous synthesis of 3,3′-dimethyl-4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane (MDT) from o-tolylamine and formaldehyde on acidic zeolites HY, HZSM-5, Hβ and TS-1 was investigated. Hβ zeolite with strong Bronsted acidity and proper textural property demonstrated better catalytic performance than other three zeolites for this synthetic reaction. Yield and selectivity of product MDT from the catalytic reaction
研究了在酸性沸石HY,HZSM-5,Hβ和TS-1上由邻甲苯胺和甲醛异构合成3,3'-二甲基-4,4'-二氨基二苯甲烷(MDT)。具有强布朗斯台德酸度和适当质构性质的Hβ沸石在该合成反应中显示出比其他三种沸石更好的催化性能。Hβ催化反应产物MDT的收率和选择性强烈依赖于温度,最佳反应温度约为433K。根据LC / MS和1 H NMR分析反应中间体,表明合成方法经历了涉及中间体邻甲苯基氨基甲醇,亚甲基邻甲苯基胺,N,N的多个步骤′-二-邻甲苯基-甲二胺和2-甲基-4-(邻甲苯基氨基-甲基)-苯胺。解释了各种中间体的形成和转化机理。
[EN] BISPHENOL M DIPHTHALONITRILE ETHER RESIN, BISPHENOL P DIPHTHALONITRILE ETHER RESIN, METHODS OF MAKING SAME, RESIN BLENDS, AND TWO COMPONENT SYSTEMS<br/>[FR] RÉSINE DE BISPHÉNOL M-DIPHTALONITRILÉTHER, RÉSINE BISPHÉNOL P-DIPHTALONITRILÉTHER, PROCÉDÉS POUR LEUR FABRICATION, MÉLANGES DE RÉSINE ET SYSTÈMES À DEUX CONSTITUANTS
申请人:3M INNOVATIVE PROPERTIES CO
公开号:WO2017172515A1
公开(公告)日:2017-10-05
Resins are provided including bisphenol M diphthalonitrile ether resin or bisphenol P diphthalonitrile either resin. Compositions are also provided, including a primary amine curative and the bisphenol M diphthalonitrile ether resin or the bisphenol P diphthalonitrile either resin. Further, polymerized products are provided of the bisphenol M diphthalonitrile ether resin or the bisphenol P diphthalonitrile either resin. In addition, a method of making a polymerized network is provided. A two component system is further provided, including a curative in one of the components and the bisphenol M diphthalonitrile ether resin or the bisphenol P diphthalonitrile either resin in the other component. In addition, a resin blend is provided, including a blend of at least two of bisphenol M diphthalonitrile ether resin, bisphenol P diphthalonitrile either resin, or bisphenol T diphthalonitrile ether resin.
This invention provides aromatic diimines which have imino hydrocarbylidene groups with at least two carbon atoms, and aromatic secondary diamines which have amino hydrocarbyl groups with at least two carbon atoms. Both the aromatic diimines and the aromatic secondary diamines either are in the form of one phenyl ring, or are in the form of two phenyl rings connected by an alkylene bridge; each position ortho to an imino group or an amino group bears a hydrocarbyl group. When in the form of one phenyl ring, there are two imino groups on the ring or two amino groups on the ring; the imino groups or amino groups are meta or para relative to each other. When in the form of two phenyl rings connected by an alkylene bridge, there is either one imino group or one amino group on each phenyl ring. Also provided are processes for forming diimines and secondary diamines.
This invention provides aromatic diimines where the diimines have imino groups with at least two carbon atoms, and either are in the form of one benzene ring having two imino groups on the ring, which imino groups are meta or para relative to each other, and in which each position ortho to an imino group bears a hydrocarbyl group, or are in the form of two benzene rings connected by an alkylene bridge and having one imino group on each ring, and in which each position ortho to an imino group bears a hydrocarbyl group. This invention also provides aromatic secondary diamines where the diamines have amino hydrocarbyl groups with at least two carbon atoms, and either are in the form of one benzene ring having two amino groups on the ring, which amino groups are meta or para relative to each other, and in which each position ortho to an amino group bears a hydrocarbyl group, or are in the form of two benzene rings connected by an alkylene bridge and having one amino group on each ring, and in which each position ortho to an amino group bears a hydrocarbyl group. Also provided are processes for forming diimines and secondary diamines from primary diamines, including the aromatic diimines and aromatic secondary diamines of the invention.