Autoxidation Reactions of Different Aromatic <i>o</i>-Aminohydroxynaphthalenes That Are Formed during the Anaerobic Reduction of Sulfonated Azo Dyes
作者:Michael Kudlich、Malcolm J. Hetheridge、Hans-Joachim Knackmuss、Andreas Stolz
DOI:10.1021/es9808346
日期:1999.3.1
Mono- and disulfonated naphthalene derivatives with a hydroxy group in ortho-position to an amino group are commonly occurring products of the anaerobic reduction of azo dyes by microorganisms. These substituted o-aminohydroxybenzenes and o-aminohydoxynaphthalenes are oxygen-sensitive and decompose under aerobic conditions. To evaluate their behavior under aerobic conditions, 1-amino-2-hydroxynaphthalene-6-sulfonate [AHNS; a reduction product of Sunset Yellow FCF (FD&C Yellow No.6, C.I. No. 15985)], 1-amino-2-hydroxynaphthalene-3,6-disulfonate [AHNDS; a reduction product of Amaranth (Acid Red 27, C.I. No. 16185)], and 1,2,7-triamino-8-hydroxynaphthalene-3,6-disulfonate [TAHNDS; a reduction product of Naphthol Blue Black B (Acid Black 1, C.I. No. 20470)] were chemically prepared and exposed to sir at neutral pH. The reactions were analyzed, and the autoxidation products were characterized mainly by LC-MS and UV/VIS spectroscopy. Autoxidation of AHNS led to the formation of a dimer. With AHNDS, 1,2-naphrhoquinone-3,6-disulfonate was found as intermediate, which subsequently reacted to a disulfonated cinnamic acid derivative. From TAHNDS a stable autoxidation product with a deep blueish color was formed that was identified as a naphthoquinone imine derivative of the parent compound. The spontaneous autoxidation reactions were compared to the behavior of the o-aminohydroxynaphthalenes and their products In the presence of activated sludge under aerobic conditions over the period of 1 month. In the presence of activated sludge, a biological conversion of the stable autoxidation product of TAHNDS was observed.