钙离子 | 14127-61-8

• 物质功能分类: 原料药 - 神经系统用药 - 脑代谢调节药
• 分子结构分类: 无机化合物 - 均相金属化合物 - 均相碱土金属化合物
• 中文名称: 钙离子
• 中文别名: 钙, 离子色谱标准溶液, SPECPURE|R, CA|+^2 1^MG/ML
• 英文名称: Calcium Cation
• 英文别名: calcium(2+)
• CAS: 14127-61-8
• 化学式: Ca+2
• 分子量: 40.08
• InChiKey: BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

物化性质

• 密度：
  1.04 g/mL at 20 °C
• 物理描述：
  Solid
• 熔点：
  850°C

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -0.38
• 重原子数：
  1
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.0
• 拓扑面积：
  0
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  0

ADMET

代谢

清除途径：肾脏每天通过尿液排出250毫摩尔，并重吸收245毫摩尔，导致尿液中的净损失为每天5毫摩尔。

Route of Elimination: The kidney excretes 250 mmol a day in urine, and resorbs 245 mmol, leading to a net loss in the urine of 5 mmol/d.

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

钙在生物体和细胞的解剖学、生理学和生物化学中扮演着至关重要的角色，尤其是在信号转导途径中。已知超过500种人类蛋白质能够结合或运输钙。骨骼是钙的主要矿物储存场所，并在控制条件下将Ca2+离子释放到血液中。循环中的钙要么以自由、离子化的形式存在，要么与血液蛋白如血清白蛋白结合。甲状旁腺激素（由甲状旁腺分泌）调节从骨骼中吸收Ca2+。降钙素虽然这个过程在很大程度上独立于降钙素，但它能刺激钙在骨骼中的沉积。尽管钙在骨骼中的流动是中性的，但每天约有5毫摩尔的钙被转换。骨骼是钙的重要储存点，因为它含有总身体钙的99%。低钙摄入也可能是发展为骨质疏松症的一个风险因素。从药片中最好吸收的钙形式是碳酸钙或磷酸钙等钙盐。孕妇很好地吸收了葡钙和乳酸钙。除非老年人在吃完整的早餐时服用钙补充剂，否则他们更好地吸收乳酸钙、葡钙和柠檬酸钙。目前推荐的钙摄入量是每天1500毫克，对于不服用人雌激素的妇女和每天800毫克的妇女。一杯流质牛奶中大约有300毫克的钙。目前，碳酸钙是最好、最实惠的钙补充剂。

Calcium plays a vital role in the anatomy, physiology and biochemistry of organisms and of the cell, particularly in signal transduction pathways. More than 500 human proteins are known to bind or transport calcium. The skeleton acts as a major mineral storage site for the element and releases Ca2+ ions into the bloodstream under controlled conditions. Circulating calcium is either in the free, ionized form or bound to blood proteins such as serum albumin. Parathyroid hormone (secreted from the parathyroid gland) regulates the resorption of Ca2+ from bone. Calcitonin stimulates incorporation of calcium in bone, although this process is largely independent of calcitonin. Although calcium flow to and from the bone is neutral, about 5 mmol is turned over a day. Bone serves as an important storage point for calcium, as it contains 99% of the total body calcium. Low calcium intake may also be a risk factor in the development of osteoporosis. The best-absorbed form of calcium from a pill is a calcium salt like carbonate or phosphate. Calcium gluconate and calcium lactate are absorbed well by pregnant women. Seniors absorb calcium lactate, gluconate and citrate better unless they take their calcium supplement with a full breakfast. The currently recommended calcium intake is 1,500 milligrams per day for women not taking estrogen and 800 milligrams per day for women on estrogen. There is close to 300 milligrams of calcium in one cup of fluid milk. Calcium carbonate is currently the best and least expensive form of calcium supplement available.

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

对人类无致癌性（未列入国际癌症研究机构IARC清单）。

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

安全信息

• 危险等级：
  8
• 危险品标志：
  Xi
• 安全说明：
  S26
• 危险类别码：
  R36/38
• WGK Germany：
  1
• 包装等级：
  III