New modified nucleoside 5′-triphosphates: synthesis, properties towards DNA polymerases, stability in blood serum and antiviral activity
作者:Alexander V. Shipitsin、Lyubov S. Victorova、Elena A. Shirokova、Natalya B. Dyatkina、Lyudmila E. Goryunova、Robert Sh. Beabealashvilli、Chris J. Hamilton、Stanley M. Roberts、Alexander Krayevsky
DOI:10.1039/a900336c
日期:——
A series of new nucleoside 5â²-triphosphate mimetics, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8â10, modified at the glycone and all three phosphate residues, have been synthesised and studied. These compounds only bear the enzymatically labile anhydride bond between the α and β phosphorus atoms. The preparative chemistry involved the preparation of phosphonic salts 30, 31 and 32 and coupling of these species to the morpholidate 33. The mechanism of formation of some of the intermediates âen routeâ to 27 and 28 is discussed. All of the target compounds demonstrated high stability in human blood serum with half lives towards hydrolysis of up to 4.5 days. Some of these nucleoside triphosphonates have been shown to be selective inhibitors of DNA synthesis catalysed by retroviral reverse transcriptases and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferases. They inhibited replication of the artificial virus containing Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase in infected cell culture, probably due to the inhibition of a reverse transcription step of a genomic RNA. Compared to the triphosphonates, the corresponding monophosphonates demonstrated decreased antiviral activity by 1â2 orders of magnitude. This implies that the triphosphonates inhibit virus replication directly, rather than by a two-step mechanism based on their hydrolysis to the monophosphonates and subsequent intracellular diphosphorylation. Being totally independent of the enzymatic phosphorylation pathways of the host cell, the compounds under study may also be able to inhibit retrovirus reproduction both in kinase deficient cell lines and in the intercellular blood media.
一系列新的核苷5'-三磷酸盐类似物2、3、5、6、8-10在糖基和所有三个磷酸盐残基处进行了修饰,已被合成并研究。这些化合物仅具有α和β磷原子之间的酶促不稳定的酐键。涉及的制备化学包括制备膦酸盐30、31和32以及将这些物种与吗啉代33耦合。讨论了形成一些中间体形成27和28的机制。所有目标化合物在人体血清中表现出高稳定性,水解半衰期长达4.5天。一些这些核苷三磷酸盐已被证明是对逆转录病毒逆转录酶和终端脱氧核苷酸转移酶催化的DNA合成的选择性抑制剂。它们抑制了感染细胞培养中包含Moloney鼠白血病病毒逆转录酶的人工病毒的复制,这可能是由于基因组RNA的逆转录步骤被抑制。与三磷酸盐相比,相应的单磷酸盐的抗病毒活性降低了1-2个数量级。这意味着三磷酸盐直接抑制病毒复制,而不是通过先水解为单磷酸盐然后细胞内二磷酸化的两步机制。由于完全独立于宿主细胞的酶促磷酸化途径,所研究的化合物也可能在缺乏激酶的细胞系和细胞间血液介质中抑制逆转录病毒的繁殖。