The family of dyes of the invention are fluoresceins and rhodols that are directly substituted on one or more aromatic carbons by fluorine. These fluorine-substituted fluorescent dyes possess greater photostability and have lower sensitivity to pH changes in the physiological range of 6-8 than do non-fluorinated dyes, exhibit less quenching when conjugated to a substance, and possess additional advantages. The dyes of the invention are useful as detectable tracers and for preparing conjugates of organic and inorganic substances.
Four kinds of ring-fluorinated fluoresceins and sulfofluorescein from tetrafluororesorcinol and/or tetrafluorophthalic anhydride have been synthesized and the photochemicalproperties of the zincoxide nanocrystalline electrode sensitized by the ring-fluorinated fluoresceins were investigated.