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Glycochenodeoxycholate (1-)

中文名称
——
中文别名
——
英文名称
Glycochenodeoxycholate (1-)
英文别名
2-[[(4R)-4-[(3R,5S,7R,8R,9S,10S,13R,14S,17R)-3,7-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]pentanoyl]amino]acetate
Glycochenodeoxycholate (1-)化学式
CAS
——
化学式
C26H42NO5-
mdl
——
分子量
448.6
InChiKey
GHCZAUBVMUEKKP-GYPHWSFCSA-M
BEILSTEIN
——
EINECS
——
  • 物化性质
  • 计算性质
  • ADMET
  • 安全信息
  • SDS
  • 制备方法与用途
  • 上下游信息
  • 反应信息
  • 文献信息
  • 表征谱图
  • 同类化合物
  • 相关功能分类
  • 相关结构分类

计算性质

  • 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP):
    4.9
  • 重原子数:
    32
  • 可旋转键数:
    5
  • 环数:
    4.0
  • sp3杂化的碳原子比例:
    0.92
  • 拓扑面积:
    110
  • 氢给体数:
    3
  • 氢受体数:
    5

反应信息

  • 作为反应物:
    描述:
    PAPS 、 Glycochenodeoxycholate (1-) 生成 Adenosine 3',5'-bismonophosphate(4-) 、 Glycochenodeoxycholate 7-sulfate(2-) 、 氢(+1)阳离子
    参考文献:
    名称:
    The Enzymes, Regulation, and Genetics of Bile Acid Synthesis
    摘要:
    ▪ 摘要:在哺乳动物体内,胆汁酸的合成和排泄构成了胆固醇分解的主要途径。合成提供了一种将既疏水又不溶于水的胆固醇直接转化为水溶性且容易排泄的分子——胆汁酸的直接方法。完成这种转化的生物合成步骤也赋予了胆汁酸的清洁剂特性,这些特性被机体利用来促进从肝脏排泄胆固醇。这种在胆固醇排泄中的作用被胆汁酸溶解膳食胆固醇和必需营养素以及促进它们传递到肝脏的能力所平衡。合成完整的胆汁酸需要17种酶。途径中的选择性酶的表达受到核激素受体和其他转录因子的严格调控,这些因子确保在不断变化的代谢环境中始终有足够的胆汁酸供应。遗传突变会影响胆汁酸的合成,导致一系列人类疾病,从儿童早期的肝衰竭到成年人的渐进性神经病变。
    DOI:
    10.1146/annurev.biochem.72.121801.161712
  • 作为产物:
    参考文献:
    名称:
    长双歧杆菌胆汁盐水解酶的生化和遗传学表征。
    摘要:
    从长双歧杆菌SBT2928分离出胆汁盐水解酶(BSH),纯化并鉴定。此外,我们首次描述了双歧杆菌属成员中编码BSH(bsh)的基因的克隆和分析。根据推导的氨基酸序列测定,该酶的天然分子量为125,000-130,000,亚单位分子量为35,024,表明该酶是四聚体。长双歧杆菌BSH的最适pH为5至7,最适温度为40℃。该酶被硫醇酶抑制剂强烈抑制,表明Cys残基可能参与催化反应。长双歧杆菌的BSH可以水解所有六种主要的人胆汁盐和至少两种动物胆汁盐。基于特异性和K(m)值,检测到对甘氨酸缀合的胆汁酸略有偏爱。确定了bsh的核苷酸序列,并将其用于同源性研究,转录本分析以及各种突变体的构建和分析。与其他细菌的BSH和球形芽孢杆菌的青霉素V酰基转移酶(PVA)的同源性很高。基于已经阐明晶体结构的BSH和PVA的相似性,可以将BSH分类为N末端亲核水解酶,而将Cys作为N末端氨基酸。通过定点诱变进行的
    DOI:
    10.1128/aem.66.6.2502-2512.2000
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文献信息

  • The Human Bile Acid-CoA:Amino Acid N-Acyltransferase Functions in the Conjugation of Fatty Acids to Glycine
    作者:James O'Byrne、Mary C. Hunt、Dilip K. Rai、Masayumi Saeki、Stefan E.H. Alexson
    DOI:10.1074/jbc.m300987200
    日期:2003.9
    Bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (BACAT) catalyzes the conjugation of bile acids to glycine and taurine for excretion into bile. By use of site-directed mutagenesis and sequence comparisons, we have identified Cys-235, Asp-328, and His-362 as constituting a catalytic triad in human BACAT (hBACAT) and identifying BACAT as a member of the type I acyl-CoA thioesterase gene family. We therefore
    胆汁酸-CoA:氨基酸N-酰基转移酶(BACAT)催化胆汁酸与甘氨酸和牛磺酸的结合,从而排泄到胆汁中。通过使用定点诱变和序列比较,我们已鉴定出Cys-235,Asp-328和His-362构成人BACAT(hBACAT)中的催化三联体,并将BACAT鉴定为I型酰基辅酶A硫酯酶基因家族。因此,我们假设hBACAT也可能将脂肪酰基辅酶A和/或共轭脂肪酸水解为甘氨酸。我们在这里显示重组hBACAT也可以水解长链和非常长链的饱和酰基CoAs(主要是C16:0-C26:0),并且通过质谱法验证了hBACAT还可以将脂肪酸缀合到甘氨酸上。组织表达研究表明,BACAT在肝,胆囊以及近端和远端肠中都有强表达。然而,BACAT还可以在与胆汁酸形成和运输无关的多种组织中表达,这表明在调节长链脂肪酸的细胞内水平方面也起着重要的作用。在人皮肤成纤维细胞中的绿色荧光蛋白定位实验表明,hBACAT酶主要是胞质的。因此
  • The Enzymes, Regulation, and Genetics of Bile Acid Synthesis
    作者:David W. Russell
    DOI:10.1146/annurev.biochem.72.121801.161712
    日期:2003.6

    ▪ Abstract  The synthesis and excretion of bile acids comprise the major pathway of cholesterol catabolism in mammals. Synthesis provides a direct means of converting cholesterol, which is both hydrophobic and insoluble, into a water-soluble and readily excreted molecule, the bile acid. The biosynthetic steps that accomplish this transformation also confer detergent properties to the bile acid, which are exploited by the body to facilitate the secretion of cholesterol from the liver. This role in the elimination of cholesterol is counterbalanced by the ability of bile acids to solubilize dietary cholesterol and essential nutrients and to promote their delivery to the liver. The synthesis of a full complement of bile acids requires 17 enzymes. The expression of selected enzymes in the pathway is tightly regulated by nuclear hormone receptors and other transcription factors, which ensure a constant supply of bile acids in an ever changing metabolic environment. Inherited mutations that impair bile acid synthesis cause a spectrum of human disease; this ranges from liver failure in early childhood to progressive neuropathy in adults.

    ▪ 摘要:在哺乳动物体内,胆汁酸的合成和排泄构成了胆固醇分解的主要途径。合成提供了一种将既疏水又不溶于水的胆固醇直接转化为水溶性且容易排泄的分子——胆汁酸的直接方法。完成这种转化的生物合成步骤也赋予了胆汁酸的清洁剂特性,这些特性被机体利用来促进从肝脏排泄胆固醇。这种在胆固醇排泄中的作用被胆汁酸溶解膳食胆固醇和必需营养素以及促进它们传递到肝脏的能力所平衡。合成完整的胆汁酸需要17种酶。途径中的选择性酶的表达受到核激素受体和其他转录因子的严格调控,这些因子确保在不断变化的代谢环境中始终有足够的胆汁酸供应。遗传突变会影响胆汁酸的合成,导致一系列人类疾病,从儿童早期的肝衰竭到成年人的渐进性神经病变。
  • Hepatic reduction of the secondary bile acid 7-oxolithocholic acid is mediated by 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1
    作者:Alex Odermatt、Thierry Da Cunha、Carlos A. Penno、Charlie Chandsawangbhuwana、Christian Reichert、Armin Wolf、Min Dong、Michael E. Baker
    DOI:10.1042/bj20110022
    日期:2011.6.15

    The oxidized bile acid 7-oxoLCA (7-oxolithocholic acid), formed primarily by gut micro-organisms, is reduced in human liver to CDCA (chenodeoxycholic acid) and, to a lesser extent, UDCA (ursodeoxycholic acid). The enzyme(s) responsible remained unknown. Using human liver microsomes, we observed enhanced 7-oxoLCA reduction in the presence of detergent. The reaction was dependent on NADPH and stimulated by glucose 6-phosphate, suggesting localization of the enzyme in the ER (endoplasmic reticulum) and dependence on NADPH-generating H6PDH (hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase). Using recombinant human 11β-HSD1 (11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1), we demonstrate efficient conversion of 7-oxoLCA into CDCA and, to a lesser extent, UDCA. Unlike the reversible metabolism of glucocorticoids, 11β-HSD1 mediated solely 7-oxo reduction of 7-oxoLCA and its taurine and glycine conjugates. Furthermore, we investigated the interference of bile acids with 11β-HSD1-dependent interconversion of glucocorticoids. 7-OxoLCA and its conjugates preferentially inhibited cortisone reduction, and CDCA and its conjugates inhibited cortisol oxidation. Three-dimensional modelling provided an explanation for the binding mode and selectivity of the bile acids studied. The results reveal that 11β-HSD1 is responsible for 7-oxoLCA reduction in humans, providing a further link between hepatic glucocorticoid activation and bile acid metabolism. These findings also suggest the need for animal and clinical studies to explore whether inhibition of 11β-HSD1 to reduce cortisol levels would also lead to an accumulation of 7-oxoLCA, thereby potentially affecting bile acid-mediated functions.

    主要由肠道微生物形成的氧化胆汁酸 7-oxoLCA(7-oxolithocholic acid)在人体肝脏中还原成 CDCA(chenodeoxycholic acid),其次是 UDCA(ursodeoxycholic acid)。负责该过程的酶仍然未知。利用人体肝脏微粒体,我们观察到 7-oxoLCA 在去污剂存在的情况下还原能力增强。该反应依赖于 NADPH,并受到 6-磷酸葡萄糖的刺激,这表明该酶定位在 ER(内质网)中,并依赖于 NADPH 生成的 H6PDH(己糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶)。利用重组人 11β-HSD1(11β-羟类固醇脱氢酶 1),我们证明了 7-oxoLCA 向 CDCA 的高效转化,以及 UDCA 的少量转化。与糖皮质激素的可逆代谢不同,11β-HSD1 只介导 7-oxoLCA 及其牛磺酸和甘氨酸共轭物的 7-oxo 还原。此外,我们还研究了胆汁酸对 11β-HSD1 依赖性糖皮质激素相互转化的干扰。7-OxoLCA 及其共轭物优先抑制了可的松的还原,而 CDCA 及其共轭物抑制了可的松的氧化。三维建模解释了所研究胆汁酸的结合模式和选择性。研究结果表明,11β-HSD1 在人体中负责 7-oxoLCA 的还原,这进一步证实了肝脏糖皮质激素激活与胆汁酸代谢之间的联系。这些发现还表明有必要进行动物和临床研究,以探讨抑制 11β-HSD1 以降低皮质醇水平是否也会导致 7-oxoLCA 的积累,从而可能影响胆汁酸介导的功能。
  • Crystal Structures of the Binary and Ternary Complexes of 7α-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase from <i>Escherichia coli</i><sup>,</sup>
    作者:Nobutada Tanaka、Takamasa Nonaka、Tetsurou Tanabe、Tadashi Yoshimoto、Daisuke Tsuru、Yukio Mitsui
    DOI:10.1021/bi951904d
    日期:1996.1.1
    structure of the ternary complex [the enzyme complexed with NADH, 7-oxoglycochenodeoxycholic acid (as a reaction product), and possibly partially glycochenodeoxycholic acid (as a substrate)] has been determined by a difference Fourier method at 1.8 A resolution. The enzyme 7 alpha-HSDH is an alpha/beta doubly wound protein having a Rossmann-fold domain for NAD (H) binding. Upon substrate binding, large conformation
    7α-羟基类固醇脱氢酶(7 alpha-HSDH; 1 EC 1.1.1.159)是NAD +依赖性氧化还原酶,属于短链脱氢酶/还原酶(SDR)1家族。它催化胆汁酸类固醇骨架第7位的羟基脱氢。通过多重同构置换方法,已在2.3 A分辨率下解析了7 alpha-HSDH的二元(与NAD +结合)复合物的晶体结构。三元复合物的结构[与NADH,7-氧代糖基去氧胆酸(作为反应产物)和可能的部分糖基去氧胆酸(作为底物)络合的酶]已经通过差示傅里叶方法在1.8A分辨率下确定。酶7 alpha-HSDH是具有针对NAD(H)结合的Rossmann折叠结构域的alpha / beta双链缠绕蛋白。结合底物后,大的构象变化发生在底物结合环(在βF链和αG螺旋之间)和C末端片段(残基250-255)处。底物结合环的可变氨基酸序列似乎是造成SDR家族酶中观察到的多种底物特异性的原因。7α-HSDH三元复合物的晶
  • Carboxyl-Terminal and Arg38 are Essential for Activity of the 7&amp;#945;-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase from Clostridium absonum
    作者:Deshuai Lou、Bochu Wang、Jun Tan、Liancai Zhu
    DOI:10.2174/0929866521666140507160050
    日期:2014.7.18
    7α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (7α-HSDH, EC 1.1.1.159), one of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily, catalyzes the dehydrogenation of C7 hydroxyl group of the steroid skeleton of bile acids. Clostridium absonum 7α-HSDH (Ca 7α-HSDH) was cloned and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. The function of carboxyterminal (C-terminal) and Arg38 of Ca 7α-HSDH was investigated through
    短链脱氢酶/还原酶超家族之一7α-羟基类固醇脱氢酶(7α-HSDH,EC 1.1.1.159)催化胆汁酸类固醇骨架C7羟基的脱氢。克隆了无性梭菌7α-HSDH(Ca7α-HSDH),并在大肠杆菌中异源表达。通过截短和定点诱变分别研究了Ca7α-HSDH的羧基末端(C末端)和Arg38的功能。当除去C末端的2个和6个氨基酸时,Ca7α-HSDH的催化效率(k(cat)/ K(m))分别保持19.1%和2.5%。此外,缺失8、14和17个氨基酸后无法检测到活性。用天冬氨酸置换第38位的精氨酸后,NADP(+)或NAD(+)的辅酶均未检测到活性。金属离子Mg(2+)(50 mM),Na(+)(200 mM)和K(+)(500 mM)可以分别最大程度地提高Ca7α-HSDH的活性61.4%,64.7%和105.7%。在4或25°C下孵育108小时后,活性没有明显变化,但在37°C下急剧下降。我们的
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