2 -Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-ethanaminiumsalze von 5beta-Cholan-24-säure-Derivaten
申请人:Diamalt GmbH
公开号:EP0359058A1
公开(公告)日:1990-03-21
2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminiumsalze von 5β-Cholan-24-säure-Derivaten, die gekennzeichnet sind durch die allgemeine Formel I
worin
R₁ und R₂ sowie R₃ und R₄ gemeinsam eine Oxogruppe oder zwei Wasserstoffatome ein Wasserstoffatom und eine Hydroxygruppe bedeuten und
X eine C-O-Bindung oder eine Gruppierung der Formel -NH-CH₂-CO- oder -NH-CH₂)₂-SO₂- darstellt, sind pharmakologisch und kosmetisch wirksame Verbindungen.
Synthetic Bile Acid Composition, Method, and Preparation
申请人:Kythera Biopharmaceuticals, Inc.
公开号:EP2407475A2
公开(公告)日:2012-01-18
Bile acids and related compositions and methods of synthesis and use. More specifically, deoxycholic acid and related compositions, said compositions being free of all moieties of animal origin and free of pyrogenic moieties.
Die vorliegende Patentanmeldung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Steroids umfassend den Schritt des Umsetzens eines 7-Desoxysteroids mit einem Cytochrom P450-Enzym oder einer funktionellen Variante davon in Anwesenheit mindestens eines Ferredoxins umfassend NADH/NAD+ und/oder NADPH/NADP+ als Kofaktor und mindestens einer Ferredoxin-Reduktase, wobei der Kofaktor in Anwesenheit mindestens einer Oxidoreduktase und mindestens einem Substrat der mindestens einen Oxidoreduktase regeneriert wird.
Purpose: Spinal block has long been considered a safe anesthesia technique for surgery. However, severe bradycardia, cardiac arrest, and other arrhythmias during spinal anesthesia have been reported and the incidence of intraoperative arrhythmias is not well established. In this study the incidence of arrhythmias during spinal anesthesia was determined.Methods: We studied 254 healthy women undergoing Cesarean section under spinal anesthesia prospectively. Spinal anesthesia with 10 mg bupivacaine mixed with 0.2 mg morphine was performed at the L3-4 interspace. Intraoperative arrhythmias were recorded and verified later by a cardiologist.Results: First degree atrioventricular block developed in nine patients (3.5%), second degree atrioventricular block in nine (3.5%), severe bradycardia (heart rate < 50 beats.min(-1)) in seventeen (6.7%), multiple VPC in three (1.2%). The height and weight of patients with severe bradycardia, multiple VPCs, or atrioventricular block were not different from those of the other patients. However, the age of patients in the potentially dangerous arrhythmias group was greater than that in the other group (P = 0.006).Conclusion: The incidence of arrhythmias as well as hypotension during spinal anesthesia for Cesarean section was higher than expected. Although most of these arrhythmias were transient and recovered spontaneously, they might unexpectedly occur and sometimes need immediate and prompt treatment. it is necessary to remain vigilant during spinal anesthesia for Cesarean section and careful monitoring of these patients is warranted, especially in older parturients.