The invention provides a method for producing a molecule capable of undergoing reduction-oxidation when subjected to a voltage potential, the method comprising phosphorylating hydroquinone to create a first intermediate; rearranging the first intermediate to an aryl-bis-(phosphonate) thereby creating a second intermediate comprising phosphorous alkoxy groups; alkylating (e.g., methylating) the second intermediate; converting the alkoxy groups to halides; and substituting the halides to alkyl or aryl groups. Also provided is a system for preventing overcharge in a Lithium-ion battery, the method comprising a mixture of a redox shuttle with electrolyte in the battery such that the shuttle comprises between about 10 and about 20 weight percent of the mixture.
本发明提供了一种生产在电压电位下能进行还原-氧化反应的分子的方法,该方法包括将
对苯二酚磷酸化以生成第一中间体;将第一中间体重新排列为芳基双(
膦酸盐),从而生成包含
磷烷氧基团的第二中间体;将第二中间体烷基化(例如甲基化);将烷氧基基团转化为卤化物;以及将卤化物取代烷基或芳基。还提供了一种防止
锂离子电池过充电的系统,该方法包括将氧化还原梭与电池中的电解液混合,使氧化还原梭占混合物的重量百分比在约 10%至约 20%之间。