proposed methodology was verified on aromatic as well as aliphatic phosphonic acids. The designed method can be successfully applied for small- and large-scale experiments without significant loss of selectivity or reaction yield. Several devoted experiments were performed to give insight into the reaction mechanism. At 30 °C, monoesters are formed via an intermediate (1,1-diethoxyethyl ester of phosphonic
在这里,我们报告了膦酸单酯化和二酯化的直接和选择性合成程序。研究了一系列烷氧基供体,发现原乙酸三乙酯是进行转化的最佳试剂和溶剂。发现了对反应过程的重要温度影响。取决于反应温度,以合适的产率专门获得膦酸的单乙酯或二乙酯。所提出的方法的底物范围在芳香族和脂肪族膦酸上得到验证。所设计的方法可成功应用于小规模和大规模实验,而不会显着降低选择性或反应收率。进行了几次专门的实验以深入了解反应机理。在 30 °C 时,单酯通过中间体(膦酸的 1,1-二乙氧基乙酯)形成。在更高的温度下,类似的中间体形式产生二酯或稳定且可检测的焦膦酸盐,它们也被消耗以产生二酯。31 P NMR 光谱用于确定焦膦酸酯的结构并监测反应过程。不需要额外的试剂、良好的可及性和直接的纯化是所开发协议的重要方面。
A gear additive composition
申请人:Afton Chemical Corporation
公开号:EP1785475A1
公开(公告)日:2007-05-16
There is disclosed herein a gear additive composition including a nitrogen-containing compound and a phosphorus-containing compound, wherein the ratio of total base number to total acid number of the gear additive composition is greater than about 0.94. There is also disclosed a gear lubricant composition having the disclosed gear additive and a reaction product of a sulfur-containing compound, a phosphorous-containing compound, and a nitrogen-containing compound. Methods of using both compositions are also disclosed.
A gear fluid composition for extreme pressure applications. The composition includes a base oil component and a friction modifier mixture. The mixture is provided by an alkyl phosphonic acid diester of the formula:
wherein R1 is a hydrocarbyl group containing from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms, R2 and R3 are selected from a hydrocarbyl group containing from about 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, an alkyl phosphonic acid monoester of the formula
wherein R4 is a hydrocarbyl group containing from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms, R5 is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl group containing from about 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, and an amine salt of a partial ester of phosphoric acid represented by the formula
wherein each of R6 and R8 is a hydrocarbyl group, and R7 is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group, and wherein the ratio of (i) to (ii) ranges from about 3 to about 5.5.