Carbonate phosphonium salts as catalysts for the transesterification of dialkyl carbonates with diols. The competition between cyclic carbonates and linear dicarbonate products
At 90–120 °C, in the presence of methylcarbonate and bicarbonate methyltrioctylphosphonium salts as catalysts ([P8881][A]; [A] = MeOCO2 and HOCO2), the transesterification of non-toxic dimethyl- and diethyl-carbonate (DMC and DEC, respectively) with 1,X-diols (2 ≤ X ≤ 6) proceeds towards the formation of cyclic and linear products. In particular, 1,2-propanediol and ethylene glycol afford propylene-
Modified succinimides for use in lubricating oils and hydrocarbon fuels
申请人:CHEVRON RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY COMPANY
公开号:EP0169715A2
公开(公告)日:1986-01-29
Additives useful as dispersants and/or detergents in lubricating oils, gasolines, marine crankcase oils and hydraulic oils are polyamino alkenyl or alkyl succinimides which have been modified to contain carbamate functionalities by converting one or more of the amino nitrogens to a hydrocarbyl carbamate, hydroxyhydrocarbyl carbamate or hydroxy poly(oxyalkylene) carbamate group. These additives can be prepared by reacting a polyamino alkenyl or alkyl succinimide with a cyclic carbonate, or a linear mono-or poly-carbonate, or a chloroformate.
Additive for lubricating oils and hydrocarbon fuels
申请人:CHEVRON RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY COMPANY
公开号:EP0172733A2
公开(公告)日:1986-02-26
Additives useful as dispersants and/or detergents in lubricating oils, gasolines, marine crankcase oils and hydraulic oils are alkenyl or alkyl succinimides which have been modified by treatment with a polyamine-cyclic carbonate adduct. The additives are the reaction products obtainable by first (a) reacting a polyamine with a cyclic carbonate and thereafter (b) reacting the product of step (a) with an alkenyl or alkyl succinic anhydride.
Additives useful as dispersants in lubricating oils, marine crankcase oils and hydraulic fluids are nitrogen-containing lubricating oil dispersants having at least one primary or secondary amino group which have been modified by treatment with a cyclic carbonate. The unmodified dispersant can be selected from Mannich bases, borated Mannich bases, hydrocarbyl sulfonamides having at least one additional amino group, N-alkylaminophosphoramides, polyoxyalkylene polyamines and animo-decorated hydrocarbon polymers.
Optisch transparente polymeren Festelektrolyte aus einem polymeren Bindemittel, einem Füllstoff, einem Leitsalz, einem Ionen solvatisierenden Weichmacher sowie optional weiteren Zusatzstoffen und Hilfsmitteln, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung derartiger Festelektrolyte durch Compoundieren und thermoplastische Formgebung sowie deren Verwendung in elektrochromen Systemen und Displays.