The photochemistry and photodissociation dynamics of the allyl radical upon ultraviolet (UV) excitation is investigated in a molecular beam by using time- and frequency-resolved photoionization of hydrogen atoms with Lyman-α-radiation. The UV states of allyl decay by internal conversion to the ground state, forming vibrationally hot radicals that lose hydrogen atoms on a nanosecond time scale. Two channels are identified, formation of allene directly from allyl, and isomerization from allyl to 2-propenyl, with a subsequent hydrogen loss, resulting in both allene and propyne formation. The branching ratio is between 2:1 and 3:1, with direct formation of allene being the dominant reaction channel. This channel is associated with site-selective loss of hydrogen from the central carbon atom, as observed in experiments on isotopically labeled radicals. Ab initio calculations of the reaction pathways and Rice–Ramsperger–Kassel–Marcus (RRKM) calculations of the rates are in agreement with the mechanism and branching ratios. From the measured Doppler profiles a translational energy release of 14±1 kcal/mol is calculated. The calculated value of 66 kcal/mol for the barrier to the 1,2 hydrogen shift from allyl radical to 2-propenyl is confirmed by the experimental data.
The 1 + 1 and 2 + 2 resonant multiphoton ionization of allyl and allyl-dn (C3H5, C3H4D, C3HD4, and C3D5) radicals
摘要:
The 1 + 1 and 2 + 2 resonant multiphoton ionization (MPI) spectra of isotopomers of the allyl radical are recorded with partial rotational resolution. Symmetry arguments and rotational contour analysis are used to identify the distortion that leads to a double-well potential in the B[1(2)A1] excited state. While nominally the 3s Rydberg state, the B[1(2)A1] excited state differs markedly from the allyl cation. Vibrational frequencies in the ground and electronically-excited states are also determined.
Disclosed herein are substituted phenylcyclohexylglycolate-based muscarinic acetylcholine receptor modulators of Formula I, processes of preparation thereof, pharmaceutical compositions thereof, and methods of use thereof.
本文揭示了基于取代苯基环己基甘醇酸酯的 Formula I 的肌氨酸乙酰胆碱受体调节剂,其制备方法、药物组合物及使用方法。
The 1 + 1 and 2 + 2 resonant multiphoton ionization of allyl and allyl-dn (C3H5, C3H4D, C3HD4, and C3D5) radicals
作者:David W. Minsek、Peter Chen
DOI:10.1021/j100152a050
日期:1993.12
The 1 + 1 and 2 + 2 resonant multiphoton ionization (MPI) spectra of isotopomers of the allyl radical are recorded with partial rotational resolution. Symmetry arguments and rotational contour analysis are used to identify the distortion that leads to a double-well potential in the B[1(2)A1] excited state. While nominally the 3s Rydberg state, the B[1(2)A1] excited state differs markedly from the allyl cation. Vibrational frequencies in the ground and electronically-excited states are also determined.
Photodissociation dynamics of the allyl radical
作者:Hans-Jürgen Deyerl、Ingo Fischer、Peter Chen
DOI:10.1063/1.478020
日期:1999.1.15
The photochemistry and photodissociation dynamics of the allyl radical upon ultraviolet (UV) excitation is investigated in a molecular beam by using time- and frequency-resolved photoionization of hydrogen atoms with Lyman-α-radiation. The UV states of allyl decay by internal conversion to the ground state, forming vibrationally hot radicals that lose hydrogen atoms on a nanosecond time scale. Two channels are identified, formation of allene directly from allyl, and isomerization from allyl to 2-propenyl, with a subsequent hydrogen loss, resulting in both allene and propyne formation. The branching ratio is between 2:1 and 3:1, with direct formation of allene being the dominant reaction channel. This channel is associated with site-selective loss of hydrogen from the central carbon atom, as observed in experiments on isotopically labeled radicals. Ab initio calculations of the reaction pathways and Rice–Ramsperger–Kassel–Marcus (RRKM) calculations of the rates are in agreement with the mechanism and branching ratios. From the measured Doppler profiles a translational energy release of 14±1 kcal/mol is calculated. The calculated value of 66 kcal/mol for the barrier to the 1,2 hydrogen shift from allyl radical to 2-propenyl is confirmed by the experimental data.