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isopropyl (2S)-2-[[[(3R,4R,5R)-5-(2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)-4-fluoro-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]methoxy-phenoxy-phosphoryl]amino]propanoate

中文名称
——
中文别名
——
英文名称
isopropyl (2S)-2-[[[(3R,4R,5R)-5-(2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)-4-fluoro-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]methoxy-phenoxy-phosphoryl]amino]propanoate
英文别名
propan-2-yl (2S)-2-[[[(3R,4R,5R)-5-(2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)-4-fluoro-3-hydroxy-4-methyloxolan-2-yl]methoxy-phenoxyphosphoryl]amino]propanoate
isopropyl (2S)-2-[[[(3R,4R,5R)-5-(2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)-4-fluoro-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]methoxy-phenoxy-phosphoryl]amino]propanoate化学式
CAS
——
化学式
C22H29FN3O9P
mdl
——
分子量
529.5
InChiKey
TTZHDVOVKQGIBA-LVPOHEQUSA-N
BEILSTEIN
——
EINECS
——
  • 物化性质
  • 计算性质
  • ADMET
  • 安全信息
  • SDS
  • 制备方法与用途
  • 上下游信息
  • 反应信息
  • 文献信息
  • 表征谱图
  • 同类化合物
  • 相关功能分类
  • 相关结构分类

计算性质

  • 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP):
    1
  • 重原子数:
    36
  • 可旋转键数:
    11
  • 环数:
    3.0
  • sp3杂化的碳原子比例:
    0.5
  • 拓扑面积:
    153
  • 氢给体数:
    3
  • 氢受体数:
    11

ADMET

代谢
体外研究在人类肝脏微粒体中显示,索非布韦是组织蛋白酶A(Cat A)和羧酸酯酶1(CES1)的有效底物。没有迹象表明通过尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖醛酸基转移酶(UGTs)或含黄素的单加氧酶(FMO)进行代谢。索非布韦被CatA和CES1裂解,随后的激活步骤包括通过组氨酸三聚体核苷酸结合蛋白1(HINT1)去除氨基酸,以及通过尿苷单磷酸-胞苷单磷酸(UMP-CMP)激酶和核苷二磷酸(NDP)激酶进行磷酸化。体外数据显示,Cat A优先水解索非布韦(S-对映体),而CES1没有表现出对映选择性。这与使用GS-9851的研究一致,该研究表明在含有Clone A复制子的肝源性细胞系中对三磷酸的代谢效率较低,并且与原代人类肝细胞相比显示出较低的CES 1活性,但具有较高的Cat A活性。在大鼠、狗、猴子和人类的肝细胞培养后,GS-9851被转化为三磷酸GS-461203,其中在人细胞中最有效。索非布韦在口服给药后也容易在狗肝脏中转化为三磷酸,并在所有评估的时间点上是主要的代谢物,具有约18小时的长半衰期。在猴子中无法检测到活性代谢物GS-461203。此外,尽管在大鼠肝脏中检测到GS-461203,但在小鼠肝脏中无法测量到。
In vitro studies in human liver microsomes showed that sofosbuvir was an efficient substrate for Cathepsin A (Cat A) and carboxyl esterase 1 (CES1). There were no indications of metabolism via urdine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) or flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO). Sofosbuvir was cleaved by CatA and CES1 and subsequent activation steps included amino acid removal by histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 (HINT1) and phosphorylation by uridine monophosphate-cytidine monophosphate (UMP-CMP) kinase and nucleoside diphosphate (NDP) kinase. In vitro data indicated that Cat A preferentially hydrolysed sofosbuvir (the S-diastereomer) while CES1 did not exhibit stereoselectivity. This would be consistent with studies using GS-9851 showing a less efficient metabolism to the triphosphate in the hepatically-derived cell line containing the Clone A replicon and shown to exhibit low CES 1 activity, but high Cat A activity compared with primary human hepatocytes. Following incubation of hepatocytes from rat, dog, monkey and human GS-9851 was converted to the triphosphate GS-461203 in all species, most efficiently in human. Sofosbuvir was also readily converted to the triphosphate in dog liver after oral doses and was the dominant metabolite at all time points assessed with a long half-life of approx. 18 hours. The active metabolite GS-461203 could not be detected in monkey. Further while GS-461203 was detected in rat liver, it could not be measured in liver from mouse.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
索菲布韦在肝脏中被广泛代谢,形成具有药理活性的核苷类似物三磷酸GS-461203。代谢激活途径涉及人类组织蛋白酶A(CatA)或羧酸酯酶1(CES1)催化的羧酸酯基团的顺序水解,以及组氨酸三聚体核苷酸结合蛋白1(HINT1)催化的磷酰胺键的断裂,随后通过嘧啶核苷酸生物合成途径进行磷酸化。去磷酸化导致形成核苷代谢物GS-331007,该代谢物不能有效地再磷酸化,且在体外缺乏抗HCV活性。
Sofosbuvir is extensively metabolized in the liver to form the pharmacologically active nucleoside analog triphosphate GS-461203. The metabolic activation pathway involves sequential hydrolysis of the carboxyl ester moiety catalyzed by human cathepsin A (CatA) or carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) and phosphoramidate cleavage by histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 (HINT1) followed by phosphorylation by the pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis pathway. Dephosphorylation results in the formation of nucleoside metabolite GS-331007 that cannot be efficiently rephosphorylated and lacks anti-HCV activity in vitro.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
GS-331007 和 GS-566500 在所有物种中均有检测到,其中 GS-331007 是所有物种和所有基质中的主要药物相关物质。在给予索非布韦的所有物种的血浆、尿液和粪便中,检测到的主要代谢物是 GS-331007,占总暴露量的>80%。在大鼠肝脏和血浆中也检测到了 GS-566500。非妊娠、妊娠和产后大鼠之间以及产后大鼠乳汁中的代谢物轮廓总体上是相似的,GS-331007 和 GS-331007 的 2 个硫酸结合物是主要的代谢物。
GS-331007 and GS-566500 were detected in all species with GS-331007 being the major drug related material in all species and all matrices. In plasma, urine and feces of all species administered sofosbuvir the primary metabolite detected was GS-331007 accounting for >80% of total exposure. In rat liver and plasma GS-566500 was also detected. The metabolite profile was overall comparable between non-pregnant, pregnant and postpartum rats and in milk of postpartum rats with GS-331007 and 2 sulfate conjugates of GS-331007 being the major metabolites.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
在狗单次口服20 mg/kg的索非布韦后,血浆中鉴定出三种代谢物,GS-331007、GS-566500和M4(GS-606965的假定葡萄糖苷酸化产物),分别占总血浆AUC的93.4%、1.6%和0.5%。母体化合物占总量的4.5%。在狗(和鼠)中,大部分放射性剂量在8到12小时内通过尿液回收。
In dog following a single oral dose of 20 mg/kg of sofosbuvir three metabolites in plasma were identified, GS-331007, GS-566500 and M4 (proposed glucuronidation product of GS-606965), accounting for 93.4%, 1.6% and 0.5%, respectively of total plasma AUC. Parent compound amounted to 4.5%. In dog (and mouse) the majority of a radioactive dose was recovered in urine within 8 to 12 hours.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 毒性总结
识别和使用:索非布韦是一种白色至类白色的结晶固体。索非布韦是对抗丙型肝炎病毒的直接作用抗病毒剂(泛基因型聚合酶抑制剂)。它与其他抗病毒药物联合使用,用于治疗成人慢性丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)1、2、3或4型感染,包括那些等待肝移植的肝细胞癌患者以及那些有人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)共感染的患者。索非布韦必须作为多药方案的组成部分使用,不应单独用于治疗慢性HCV感染。 人体暴露和毒性:记录的最高剂量是一次超治疗剂量的索非布韦1200毫克,给予59名健康受试者。在这个剂量水平上没有观察到不良效果,不良事件的发生频率和严重程度与安慰剂和索非布韦400毫克治疗组报告的相似。索非布韦没有在人类外周血淋巴细胞中诱导染色体畸变。 动物研究:单次剂量毒性研究是使用大鼠的GS-9851/PSI-7851(对映异构体混合物)进行的。在最高剂量1800毫克/千克下,没有观察到死亡、临床体征、体重变化、宏观病理或肝脏和肾脏的器官重量变化。在重复口服毒性研究中,对小鼠进行了长达13周、大鼠26周和狗39周的索非布韦或GS-9851(索非布韦及其对映异构体的1:1对映异构体混合物)评估。确定的主要靶器官是心血管、肝胆、胃肠道(GI)和造血(红细胞系)系统。在为期7天的毒性研究中,大鼠使用GS-9851剂量2000毫克/千克/天,狗使用1500毫克/千克/天,结果(但不限于)在狗的胃中增加粘液分泌、糖原耗竭以及天门冬氨酸转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸转移酶(ALT)和胆红素增加,并伴有狗的肝脏组织病理学发现;在大鼠(例如,多灶性心肌纤维变性)和狗(例如,QT/QTc间期增加)的心脏不良反应。在长期研究中,没有观察到GS-9851或索非布韦对肝脏和心脏的影响。在大鼠(26周)和狗(39周)的慢性毒性研究中,影响包括(但不限于)与GI相关的临床体征(例如,软粪便和呕吐)和高剂量组狗的平均红细胞指数(约10%)的降低。在评估大鼠的索非布韦对胚胎-胎儿存活率或生育能力的研究中,没有影响。在大鼠和兔子的发育毒性研究中,没有观察到致畸作用。在最高测试剂量下,暴露于主要循环代谢物GS-331007的剂量至少是推荐临床剂量时人类暴露的8倍。在大鼠从出生前(子宫内)到哺乳第20天每天暴露于GS-331007(AUC)的剂量大约是推荐临床剂量时人类暴露的12倍的情况下,后代大鼠的生育能力正常。在小鼠和大鼠中进行了为期两年的致癌性研究,使用索非布韦。小鼠的剂量最高为雄性200毫克/千克/天,雌性600毫克/千克/天,而大鼠的剂量最高为雄性和雌性750毫克/千克/天。在最高测试剂量的小鼠和大鼠中,没有观察到药物相关肿瘤的发生率增加,导致主要循环代谢物GS-331007的AUC暴露量大约是推荐临床剂量时人类暴露量的7倍和30倍(在雄性和雌性小鼠中)以及13倍和17倍(在雄性和雌性大鼠中)。在一系列体外和体内实验中,包括细菌突变体和体内小鼠微核实验,索非布韦没有表现出遗传毒性。
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Sofosbuvir is a white to off-white crystalline solid. Sofosbuvir is a direct-acting antiviral agent (pan-genotypic polymerase inhibitor) against the hepatitis C virus. It is used in conjunction with other antiviral agents for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1, 2, 3, or 4 infections in adults, including those with hepatocellular carcinoma awaiting liver transplantation and those with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection. Sofosbuvir must be used as part of a multiple-drug regimen and should not be used alone for the treatment of chronic HCV infection. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: The highest documented dose of sofosbuvir was a single supratherapeutic dose of sofosbuvir 1200 mg administered to 59 healthy subjects. There were no untoward effects observed at this dose level, and adverse events were similar in frequency and severity to those reported in the placebo and sofosbuvir 400 mg treatment groups. Sofosbuvir did not induce chromosome aberration using human peripheral blood lymphocytes. ANIMAL STUDIES: Single dose toxicity study was performed with GS-9851/PSI-7851 (the diastereomeric mixture) in rats. No mortality, clinical signs, body weight changes, macroscopic pathology, or organ weight changes for liver and kidney up to a highest dose of 1,800 mg/kg. Sofosbuvir or GS-9851, a 1:1 diastereomeric mixture of sofosbuvir and its stereoisomer, were evaluated in repeat-dose oral toxicity studies up to 13 weeks in mice, 26 weeks in rats, and 39 weeks in dogs. The primary target organs identified were the cardiovascular, hepatobiliary, gastrointestinal (GI) and hematopoietic (erythroid) systems. In the 7-day toxicity studies with GS-9851 doses of 2000 mg/kg/day in the rat and 1500 mg/kg/day in the dog resulted (but were not limited to) in increased mucus secretions in the stomach, glycogen depletion, and increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and bilirubin, with associated histopathologic liver findings in dogs; and heart adverse effects in rats (e.g., multifocal cardiac myofiber degeneration) and dogs (e.g., increased QT/QTc intervals). Findings in the liver and heart were not observed in long-term studies with GS-9851 or sofosbuvir. In chronic toxicity studies in rats (26 weeks) and dogs (39 weeks), effects included (but were not limited to) GI-related clinical signs (e.g., soft feces and emesis) and a decrease (e.g., approximately 10%) in mean red cell indices that were observed mainly in the high-dose group of dogs. Sofosbuvir had no effects on embryo-fetal viability or on fertility when evaluated in rats. No teratogenic effects were observed in rat and rabbit developmental toxicity studies with sofosbuvir. It had no adverse effects on behavior, reproduction, or development of the offspring in the rat pre- and post-natal development study. At the highest dose tested, exposure to the predominant circulating metabolite GS-331007 was at least 8-fold the exposure in humans at the recommended clinical dose. Fertility was normal in the offspring of rats exposed daily from before birth (in utero) through lactation day 20 at daily GS-331007 exposures (AUC) of approximately 12-fold higher than human exposures at the recommended clinical dose. Two-year carcinogenicity studies in mice and rats were conducted with sofosbuvir. Mice were administered doses of up to 200 mg/kg/day in males and 600 mg/kg/day in females, while rats were administered doses of up to 750 mg/kg/day in males and females. No increase in the incidence of drug-related neoplasms were observed at the highest doses tested in mice and rats, resulting in AUC exposure to the predominant circulating metabolite GS-331007 of approximately 7- and 30-fold (in mice) and 13- and 17-fold (in rats), in males and females respectively, the exposure in humans at the recommended clinical dose. Sofosbuvir was not genotoxic in a battery of in vitro or in vivo assays, including bacterial mutagenicity, and in vivo mouse micronucleus assays.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 肝毒性
在大规模随机对照试验中,尽管接受索非布韦治疗的患者患有慢性肝病,但血清酶升高的情况并不常见。在大多数情况下,开始索非布韦治疗时,血清转氨酶水平迅速改善,而且新的、晚期ALT升高超过正常上限3倍的情况并不常见,比安慰剂或不治疗的情况要少。在多个大型临床试验中,索非布韦并未与黄疸的临床明显肝损伤病例有关联。因为索非布韦总是与其他抗病毒药物一起使用,所以不可能总是将索非布韦与其他药物在引起不良反应中的相对作用区分开来。 有两种罕见且不寻常的与索非布韦关系不明的肝损伤形式在用抗病毒治疗丙型肝炎的患者中被描述:突然肝功能衰竭的患者有预先存在的肝硬化,以及在有预先存在的HBV感染证据的患者中乙型肝炎的再激活。 与索非布韦(也许还有其他对HCV有效的强效药物)相关的一种罕见但显著的肝损伤是在预先存在肝硬化的患者中发生的肝功能衰竭。在几个实例中,肝功能衰竭在开始治疗后的2到6周内发生(案例1),而在其他情况下,它发生在治疗晚期或治疗结束后的立即期。发病的典型模式是胆红素逐渐升高,伴有肝衰竭的迹象,如凝血酶原时间延长、血清白蛋白下降和腹水和肝性脑病的出现。在许多(但不是所有)实例中,与治疗前相比,血清酶水平没有变化或仅略有升高。在所有实例中,索非布韦与其他抗病毒药物(如聚乙二醇干扰素、西美瑞韦、达卡他韦或雷迪帕韦)联合使用,索非布韦的具体作用难以界定。肝功能衰竭通常与病毒的快速清除同时发生,而幸存下来的患者通常会有持续的病毒学应答。这种衰竭的原因尚不清楚,但它可能代表了对HCV病毒根除的反应(靶标效应),而不是所给予抗病毒剂的毒性(对肝脏的非靶标效应)。或者,这种损伤可能是偶然的,与治疗无关。 第二种可能在索非布韦治疗中出现的肝损伤形式,也可能与其他强效抗HCV药物有关,是乙型肝炎的再激活。在慢性丙型肝炎且HBsAg阳性、HBV DNA水平低的患者中,出现了具有临床明显肝炎和血清HBV DNA水平上升的情况,这些水平不被认为是慢性肝病的病因(案例2)。在抗HBc阳性但血清中没有HBsAg的患者中,也描述了再激活的情况,这种模式表明之前从乙型肝炎中恢复。HBV再激活通常在开始治疗丙型肝炎的2到8周内出现,它可以表现为急性肝炎的症状、血清转氨酶水平和胆红素的显著升高。有报道指出,在使用索非布韦治疗期间,有因HBV再激活而死亡的病例。再激活的原因尚不清楚,但它可能反映了HCV复制的根除,HCV复制对HBV复制具有非特异性的抑制作用。或者,随着HCV的突然清除或由于抗病毒剂的直接作用,免疫反应性的改变可能改变HBV的复制状态。 可能性评分:E*(在易感个体中未证实但怀疑是临床明显肝损伤的原因)。
In large randomized controlled trials, serum enzymes elevations were uncommon in patients treated with sofosbuvir despite the fact that the patients being treated had chronic liver disease. In most situations, serum aminotransferase levels improved rapidly upon initiating sofosbuvir therapy, and de novo, late elevations of ALT above 3 times the upper limit of normal (ULN) were uncommon and less frequent than with placebo or no therapy. In multiple, large clinical trials sofosbuvir has not been linked to instances of clinically apparent liver injury with jaundice. Because sofosbuvir is always used with other antiviral agents, it is not always possible to separate the relative role of sofosbuvir from other drugs in causing adverse reactions. Two rare and unusual forms of liver injury of uncertain relationship to sofosbuvir have been described in patients with receiving antiviral therapy for hepatitis C: sudden hepatic decompensation in patients with preexisting cirrhosis and reactivation of hepatitis B in patients with preexisting evidence of HBV infection. A rare, but striking liver injury associated with sofosbuvir (and perhaps other potent agents active against HCV) is hepatic decompensation occurring in patients with preexisting cirrhosis. In several instances, decompensation occurred within 2 to 6 weeks of starting therapy (Case 1), while in others it occurred late during therapy or in the immediate posttreatment period. The typical pattern of onset was a progressive rise in bilirubin with signs of hepatic failure such as prolongation of the prothrombin time, decrease in serum albumin and appearance of ascites and hepatic encephalopathy. In many (but not all) instances, serum enzyme levels did not change or increased only slightly in comparison to pretreatment values. In all instances, sofosbuvir was being used in combination with other antiviral agents, such as peginterferon, simeprevir, daclatasvir or ledipasvir, and the specific role of sofosbuvir has been difficult to define. The decompensation usually coincided with rapid viral clearance and patients who survived the episode often had a sustained virological response. The cause of this decompensation is not clear, but it may represent a response to HCV viral eradication (on-target effect) rather than toxicity of the administered antiviral agents (off-target effect on the liver). Alternatively, the injury may be coincidental and unrelated to therapy. A second form of liver injury that can occur with sofosbuvir therapy and perhaps other potent anti-HCV agents is reactivation of hepatitis B. Instances of clinically apparent hepatitis with rises in serum HBV DNA levels have been reported in patients with chronic hepatitis C who were HBsAg positive and had low levels of HBV DNA which were not thought to be the cause of the chronic liver disease (Case 2). Reactivation has also been described in patients who have anti-HBc without HBsAg in serum, a pattern that suggests previous recovery from hepatitis B. HBV reactivation typically arises within 2 to 8 weeks of starting therapy for hepatitis C and it can be clinically manifest with symptoms of acute hepatitis and marked elevations in serum aminotransferase levels and bilirubin. Instances of death from HBV reactivation have been reported with sofosbuvir therapy. The cause of reactivation is unclear, but it may reflect the eradication of HCV replication which has a nonspecific suppressive effect on HBV replication. Alternatively, the change in immune reactivity with sudden clearance of HCV or as a result of a direct activity of the antiviral agents may alter the replicative status of HBV. Likelihood score: E* (unproven but suspected cause of clinically apparent liver injury in susceptible individuals).
来源:LiverTox
毒理性
  • 相互作用
利福平和SOFOSBUVIR同时使用可能会导致SOFOSBUVIR和GS-331007的血浆浓度降低,从而降低SOFOSBUVIR的疗效。利福平和SOFOSBUVIR不应同时使用。
Concomitant use of rifampin, a potent inducer of P-gp in the intestine, and sofosbuvir may cause decreased plasma concentrations of sofosbuvir and GS-331007 and may lead to decreased therapeutic effect of sofosbuvir. Rifampin and sofosbuvir should not be used concomitantly.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 相互作用
利福布汀预计会导致索非布韦和GS-331007的血浆浓度降低,这可能会导致索非布韦的治疗效果降低。不建议同时使用利福布汀和索非布韦。
Rifabutin is expected to cause decreased plasma concentrations of sofosbuvir and GS-331007, which may lead to decreased therapeutic effect of sofosbuvir. Concomitant use of rifabutin and sofosbuvir is not recommended.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 相互作用
与索非布韦同时使用时,某些抗惊厥药(即,卡马西平、氧卡马西平、苯巴比妥、苯妥英)可能会降低索非布韦和GS-331007的血浆浓度,这可能导致索非布韦的治疗效果降低。不建议同时使用这些抗惊厥药和索非布韦。
When used concomitantly with sofosbuvir, certain anticonvulsants (i.e., carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin) are expected to decrease plasma concentrations of sofosbuvir and GS-331007, which may lead to decreased therapeutic effect of sofosbuvir. Concomitant use of these anticonvulsants and sofosbuvir is not recommended.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
索非布韦大约有61-65%与人类血浆蛋白结合,且这种结合在1微克/毫升到20微克/毫升的药物浓度范围内是独立的。GS-331007在人类血浆中的蛋白结合是微量的。在健康受试者单次服用400毫克(14)C-索非布韦后,(14)C放射性物质的血液与血浆比率大约为0.7。
Sofosbuvir is approximately 61-65% bound to human plasma proteins and the binding is independent of drug concentration over the range of 1 ug/mL to 20 ug/mL. Protein binding of GS-331007 was minimal in human plasma. After a single 400 mg dose of (14)C-sofosbuvir in healthy subjects, the blood to plasma ratio of (14)C-radioactivity was approximately 0.7.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
索非布韦(sofosbuvir)和其主要循环代谢物GS-331007的药代动力学特性已经在健康成年受试者和慢性丙型肝炎受试者中进行了评估。口服索伐利迪(SOVALDI)后,无论剂量水平如何,索非布韦在约0.5-2小时后观察到峰值血浆浓度。GS-331007的峰值血浆浓度在2到4小时后观察到。根据对接受利巴韦林联合治疗(有或无聚乙二醇干扰素)的1至6型丙型肝炎感染受试者进行的人群药代动力学分析,索非布韦的几何平均稳态AUC0-24为969 ng*hr/mL(N=838),GS-331007为6790 ng*hr/mL(N=1695)。与健康受试者单独服用索非布韦(N = 272)相比,丙型肝炎感染受试者的索非布韦AUC0-24高出60%;GS-331007 AUC0-24则低39%。在200 mg到1200 mg的剂量范围内,索非布韦和GS-331007的AUCs与剂量近乎成比例。
The pharmacokinetic properties of sofosbuvir and the predominant circulating metabolite GS-331007 have been evaluated in healthy adult subjects and in subjects with chronic hepatitis C. Following oral administration of SOVALDI, sofosbuvir was absorbed with a peak plasma concentration observed at approximately 0.5-2 hour post-dose, regardless of dose level. Peak plasma concentration of GS-331007 was observed between 2 to 4 hours post-dose. Based on population pharmacokinetic analysis in subjects with genotype 1 to 6 HCV infection who were coadministered ribavirin (with or without pegylated interferon), geometric mean steady state AUC0-24 was 969 ng*hr/mL for sofosbuvir (N=838), and 6790 ng*hr/mL for GS-331007 (N=1695), respectively. Relative to healthy subjects administered sofosbuvir alone (N = 272), the sofosbuvir AUC0-24 was 60% higher; and GS-331007 AUC0-24 was 39% lower, respectively, in HCV-infected subjects. Sofosbuvir and GS-331007 AUCs are near dose proportional over the dose range of 200 mg to 1200 mg.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
在口服400毫克(14)C-索非布韦单次剂量后,剂量的平均总回收率超过92%,其中约80%、14%和2.5%分别通过尿液、粪便和呼出气体回收。尿液回收的索非布韦剂量中,大部分是GS-331007(78%),而3.5%以索非布韦形式回收。这些数据表明,肾清除是GS-331007的主要消除途径。
Following a single 400 mg oral dose of (14)C-sofosbuvir, mean total recovery of the dose was greater than 92%, consisting of approximately 80%, 14%, and 2.5% recovered in urine, feces, and expired air, respectively. The majority of the sofosbuvir dose recovered in urine was GS-331007 (78%) while 3.5% was recovered as sofosbuvir. These data indicate that renal clearance is the major elimination pathway for GS-331007.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
在大鼠的妊娠研究中,索非布韦能够穿过胎盘。胎儿血液和大脑中的索非布韦来源放射性活性高于母鼠,但胎儿肝脏和肾脏的活性水平低于母鼠相应的器官。产后第二天的大鼠乳汁中也可以定量检测到索非布韦来源的放射性活性,但哺乳仔鼠似乎并未广泛接触到药物来源的放射性活性。乳汁与血浆的比例在1小时时为0.1,在24小时时为0.8。
Studies in pregnant rats showed that sofosbuvir crossed the placenta. Fetal blood and brain sofosbuvir derived radioactivity was higher than in dams, but fetal liver and kidney had lower levels than corresponding organs in dams. Sofosbuvir-derived radioactivity was also quantifiable in milk from day 2 postpartum rats, but nursing pups did not appear to be extensively exposed to drug-derived radioactivity. Milk to plasma ratios were 0.1 at 1 hour and 0.8 at 24 hours.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

文献信息

  • Beta-D-2'-DEOXY-2'-alpha-FLUORO-2'-beta-C-SUBSTITUTED-2-MODIFIED-N6-SUBSTITUTED PURINE NUCLEOTIDES FOR HCV TREATMENT
    申请人:Atea Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
    公开号:US20160257706A1
    公开(公告)日:2016-09-08
    A compound of the structure: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or composition thereof for the treatment of a host infected with or exposed to an HCV virus or other disorders more fully described herein.
    一种结构的化合物: 或其药用可接受的盐或组合物,用于治疗感染或暴露于HCV病毒或其他在本文中更详细描述的疾病的宿主。
  • NUCLEOTIDE HEMI-SULFATE SALT FOR THE TREATMENT OF HEPATITIS C VIRUS
    申请人:Atea Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
    公开号:US20180215776A1
    公开(公告)日:2018-08-02
    A hemi-sulfate salt of the structure: to treat a host infected with hepatitis C, as well as pharmaceutical compositions and dosage forms, including solid dosage forms, thereof.
    一种半硫酸盐的结构,用于治疗感染丙型肝炎的宿主,以及包括固体剂型在内的药物组合物和剂型。
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    申请人:Atea Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
    公开号:US10874687B1
    公开(公告)日:2020-12-29
    The present invention is the use of a small group of purine nucleotide phosphoramidate disclosed herein or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in an effective amount for the treatment or prevention of the novel 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in a host, for example a human, in need thereof.
    本发明涉及在宿主,例如人体中,使用本文所披露的少量嘌呤核苷酸磷酰胺酯或其药学上可接受的盐的有效量,用于治疗或预防新型2019冠状病毒疾病(COVID-19)。
  • β-D-2′-deoxy-2′-α-fluoro-2′-β-C-substituted-2-modified-N6-substituted purine nucleotides for HCV treatment
    申请人:Atea Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
    公开号:US10000523B2
    公开(公告)日:2018-06-19
    A compound of the structure: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or composition thereof for the treatment of a host infected with or exposed to an HCV virus or other disorders more fully described herein.
    结构的化合物: 或其药学上可接受的盐或组合物,用于治疗感染或暴露于 HCV 病毒的宿主或本文更全面描述的其他疾病。
  • β-D-2′-deoxy-2′-α-fluoro-2′β-C-substituted-2-modified-N6-substituted purine nucleotides for HCV treatment
    申请人:Atea Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
    公开号:US10005811B2
    公开(公告)日:2018-06-26
    A compound of the structure: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or composition thereof for the treatment of a host infected with or exposed to an HCV virus or other disorders more fully described herein.
    结构的化合物: 或其药学上可接受的盐或组合物,用于治疗感染或暴露于 HCV 病毒的宿主或本文更全面描述的其他疾病。
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