Cine Substitution of Arenes Using the Aryl Carbamate as a Removable Directing Group
摘要:
An efficient and controlled means to achieve a rare cine substitution of arenes is reported. The methodology relies on the strategic use of aryl O-carbamates as readily removable directing groups for arene functionallzation. The removal of aryl carbamates is achieved by employing an airstable Ni(II) precatalyst, along with an inexpensive reducing agent, to give synthetically useful yields across a range of substrates. The net cine substitution process offers a new strategy for analogue synthesis, which complements the well-established logic for achieving arene functionalization by ipso substitution.
Suzuki−Miyaura Coupling of Aryl Carbamates, Carbonates, and Sulfamates
摘要:
The first Suzuki-Miyaura cross-couplings of carbamates, carbonates, and sulfamates is described. The method provides a powerful means of using simple derivatives of phenol as precursors to polysubstituted aromatic compounds, as exemplified by a concise synthesis of the anti-inflammatory drug flurbiprofen.
Suzuki−Miyaura Cross-Coupling of Aryl Carbamates and Sulfamates: Experimental and Computational Studies
作者:Kyle W. Quasdorf、Aurora Antoft-Finch、Peng Liu、Amanda L. Silberstein、Anna Komaromi、Tom Blackburn、Stephen D. Ramgren、K. N. Houk、Victor Snieckus、Neil K. Garg
DOI:10.1021/ja200398c
日期:2011.4.27
The first Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions of the synthetically versatile aryl O-carbamate and O-sulfamate groups are described. The transformations utilize the inexpensive, bench-stable catalyst NiCl2(PCy3)(2) to furnish biaryls in good to excellent yields. A broad scope for this methodology has been demonstrated. Substrates with electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups are tolerated, in addition to those that possess ortho substituents. Furthermore, heteroaryl substrates may be employed as coupling partners. A computational study providing the full catalytic cycles for these cross-coupling reactions is described. The oxidative addition with carbamates or sulfamates occurs via a five-centered transition state, resulting in the exclusive cleavage of the aryl C-O bond. Water is found to stabilize the Ni-carbamate catalyst resting state, which thus provides rationalization of the relative decreased rate of coupling of carbamates. Several synthetic applications are presented to showcase the utility of the methodology in the synthesis of polysubstituted aromatic compounds of natural product and bioactive molecule interest.