Photocurrent Generation under a Large Dipole Moment Formed by Self-Assembled Monolayers of Helical Peptides Having an N-Ethylcarbazolyl Group
摘要:
Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of alpha-helical peptides carrying an N-ethylcarbazolyl (ECz) group were prepared. The helical peptide SAMs on a gold surface were characterized by quartz crystal microbalance measurements, cyclic voltammetry, and impedance spectroscopy, showing that a tridecapeptide SAM with the N-terminal binding to gold was packed more densely than that with the C-terminal binding. The helix tilt angles from the surface normal in these peptide SAMs were found to be about 40 degrees on the basis of Fourier transform infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy. Photocurrent generation of these peptide SAMs in an aqueous solution was investigated by photoexcitation of ECz groups either in the presence of an electron donor or acceptor. In the presence of methyl viologen (electron acceptor), electron donation from a gold surface to an ECz group was observed upon photoexcitation. On the other hand, in the presence of triethanolamine or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (electron donor), the direction of photocurrent was reversed. In the case of the anodic photocurrent generation using triethanoamine, the electron donation from an ECz group to a gold surface was accelerated by the helix dipole moment directing toward a gold surface. Furthermore, the electronic coupling between an ECz group and a gold surface through the peptide molecule was found to occur more strongly than that through a saturated hydrocarbon. The helical peptides were therefore shown to be an excellent medium for electron transfer.
Photocurrent Generation under a Large Dipole Moment Formed by Self-Assembled Monolayers of Helical Peptides Having an N-Ethylcarbazolyl Group
摘要:
Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of alpha-helical peptides carrying an N-ethylcarbazolyl (ECz) group were prepared. The helical peptide SAMs on a gold surface were characterized by quartz crystal microbalance measurements, cyclic voltammetry, and impedance spectroscopy, showing that a tridecapeptide SAM with the N-terminal binding to gold was packed more densely than that with the C-terminal binding. The helix tilt angles from the surface normal in these peptide SAMs were found to be about 40 degrees on the basis of Fourier transform infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy. Photocurrent generation of these peptide SAMs in an aqueous solution was investigated by photoexcitation of ECz groups either in the presence of an electron donor or acceptor. In the presence of methyl viologen (electron acceptor), electron donation from a gold surface to an ECz group was observed upon photoexcitation. On the other hand, in the presence of triethanolamine or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (electron donor), the direction of photocurrent was reversed. In the case of the anodic photocurrent generation using triethanoamine, the electron donation from an ECz group to a gold surface was accelerated by the helix dipole moment directing toward a gold surface. Furthermore, the electronic coupling between an ECz group and a gold surface through the peptide molecule was found to occur more strongly than that through a saturated hydrocarbon. The helical peptides were therefore shown to be an excellent medium for electron transfer.
METHODS AND INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES FOR THE GENERATION OF FREE FATTY ACIDS AND DERIVATIVES THEREOF FROM OIL GUMS
申请人:INVENTURE RENEWABLES, INC.
公开号:US20160207879A1
公开(公告)日:2016-07-21
This invention generally relates to the generation of free fatty acids and/or derivatives thereof, e.g. fatty alkyl esters, and/or fatty amides, from feedstocks comprising phospholipids. In alternative embodiments, the invention provides methods and industrial processes for generating free fatty acids and/or fatty acid derivatives from a feedstock comprising phospholipids by combining the feedstock with one or more reactants to form a reaction mixture and reacting the mixture at a temperature and pressure sufficient to provide for the separation of the free fatty acids from their phosphatide structures.
[EN] METHODS AND INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES FOR THE GENERATION OF FREE FATTY ACIDS DERIVATIVES THEREOF FROM OIL GUMS<br/>[FR] MÉTHODES ET PROCÉDÉS INDUSTRIELS PERMETTANT DE GÉNÉRER DES ACIDES GRAS LIBRES ET DES DÉRIVÉS DE CEUX-CI À PARTIR DE GOMMES À BASE D'HUILES
申请人:INVENTURE RENEWABLES INC
公开号:WO2015050656A2
公开(公告)日:2015-04-09
This invention generally relates to the generation of free fatty acids and/or derivatives thereof, e.g. fatty alkyl esters, and/or fatty amides, from feedstocks comprising phospholipids. In alternative embodiments, the invention provides methods and industrial processes for generating free fatty acids and/or fatty acid derivatives from a feedstock comprising phospholipids by combining the feedstock with one or more reactants to form a reaction mixture and reacting the mixture at a temperature and pressure sufficient to provide for the separation of the free fatty acids from their phosphatide structures.