Conversion of S-phenylsulfonylcysteine residues to mixed disulfides at pH 4.0: utility in protein thiol blocking and in protein-S-nitrosothiol detection
Cell‐penetrating peptides (CPPs) play a significant role in the delivery of cargos into human cells. We report the first CPPs based on peptide‐bismuth bicycles, which can be readily obtained from commercially available peptide precursors, making them accessible for a wide range of applications. These CPPs enter human cells as demonstrated by live‐cell confocal microscopy using fluorescently labelled peptides. We report efficient sequences that demonstrate increased cellular uptake compared to conventional CPPs like the TAT peptide (derived from the transactivating transcriptional activator of human immunodeficiency virus 1) or octaarginine (R8), despite requiring only three positive charges. Bicyclization triggered by the presence of bismuth(III) increases cellular uptake by more than one order of magnitude. Through the analysis of cell lysates using inductive coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS), we have introduced an alternative approach to examine the cellular uptake of CPPs. This has allowed us to confirm the presence of bismuth in cells after exposure to our CPPs. Mechanistic studies indicated an energy‐dependent endocytic cellular uptake sensitive to inhibition by rottlerin, most likely involving macropinocytosis.
Ratiometric Fluorescence Detection of Pathogenic Bacteria Resistant to Broad-Spectrum β-Lactam Antibiotics
作者:Junxiang Zhang、Yang Shen、Sarah L. May、Daniel C. Nelson、Shuwei Li
DOI:10.1002/anie.201107810
日期:2012.2.20
Identification of bacteria: A methoxyimino cephalosporin derivative containing a pair of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) fluorophores was synthesized. This probe displays selective cleavage toward different types of β‐lactamases, thereby providing a rapid assay to distinguish bacterial cells that are either sensitive or resistant to broad‐spectrum β‐lactam antibiotics (see picture).
Synthesis of a Toolbox of Clickable Rhodamine B Derivatives
作者:Pierangelo Gobbo、Mark Workentin、Praveen Gunawardene、Wilson Luo
DOI:10.1055/s-0034-1380191
日期:——
An efficient method for the large-scale preparation of rhodamine B clickable derivatives has been developed. Starting from inexpensive rhodamine B as the starting material it was possible to functionalize the carboxylic functionality of rhodamine B with an azide, a strained-alkyne, a substituted triphenylphosphine, a thiol, and a maleimide. Through the synthetic strategy it was possible to obtain stable and pure clickable rhodamine compounds that can be readily used not only for chemoselectively probing biomolecules, but also for materials science.