Synthesis and evaluation of the antioxidative potential of minoxidil–polyamine conjugates
摘要:
A series of conjugates (MNX-CO-PA) of minoxidil (MNX) with the polyamines (PAs) putrescine (PUT), spermidine (SPD) and spermine (SPM) as well as dopamine were produced through activation of MNX with N,N'-carbonyldiimidazole, followed by reaction with dopamine or selectively protected PAs and acid-mediated deprotection. These conjugates together with conjugates of the general type MNX-PA or PA-MNX-PA, readily produced using literature protocols, were tested as antioxidants. The most potent inhibitors of lipid peroxidation were the conjugates MNX SPM (2, 94%), SPM-MNX-SPM (4, 94%) and MNX-N-4-SPD (7, 91%) and MNX (91%). The most powerful lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibitors were MNX (IC50 = 20 mu M) and the conjugates MNX N-8-SPD (9, IC50 = 22.1 mu M), MNX-CO dopamine (11, IC50 = 28 mu M) and MNX-N-1-SPD (8, IC50 = 30 mu M). The most interesting conjugates 2, MNX-CO-PUT (5), 8 and 11 as well as MNX were generally found to exhibit weaker (22-36.5%) or no (conjugate 8) anti-inflammatory activity than indomethacin (47%) with the exception of MNX which showed almost equal potency (49%) to indomethacin. The cytocompatibility of conjugates and MNX at the highest concentration of 100 mu M showed a survival percentage of 87-107%, with the exception of conjugates with SPM (compound 2) and MNX-CO-SPM (6), which showed considerable cytotoxicity (survival percentage 8-14%). Molecular docking studies were carried on conjugate 9 and the parent compound MNX and were found to be in accordance with our experimental biological results. (C) 2013 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
Synthetic studies toward the development of novel minoxidil analogs and conjugates with polyamines
摘要:
Syntheses of novel polyamine-modified minoxidil analogs (PMMs) and minoxidil-polyamine conjugates (MPCs) are described in an effort to improve the biological activity and selectivity of minoxidil and its poor solubility in water. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.