作者:Juan Pan、Minakshi Bhardwaj、Jerome R. Faulkner、Padmaja Nagabhyru、Nikki D. Charlton、Richard M. Higashi、Anne-Frances Miller、Carolyn A. Young、Robert B. Grossman、Christopher L. Schardl
DOI:10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.11.015
日期:2014.2
Lolines are potent insecticidal agents produced by endophytic fungi of cool-season grasses. These alkaloids are composed of a pyrrolizidine ring system and an uncommon ether bridge linking carbons 2 and 7. Previous results indicated that 1-aminopyrrolizidine was a pathway intermediate. We used RNA interference to knock down expression of lob, resulting in the accumulation of an alkaloid identified as exo-l-acetamidopyrrolizidine based on high-resolution MS and NMR. Genomes of endophytes differing in alkaloid profiles were sequenced, revealing that those with mutated lolO accumulated exo-1-acetamidopyrrolizidine but no lolines. Heterologous expression of wild-type lolO complemented a lolO mutant, resulting in the production of N-acetylnorloline. These results indicated that the non-heme iron oxygenase, LolO, is required for ether bridge formation, probably through oxidation of exo-1-acetamidopyrrolizidine. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.