Discovery of G Protein-Biased D2 Dopamine Receptor Partial Agonists
摘要:
Biased ligands (also known as functionally selective ligands) of G protein-coupled receptors are valuable tools for dissecting the roles of G protein-dependent and independent signaling pathways in health and disease. Biased ligands have also been increasingly pursued by the biomedical community as promising therapeutics with improved efficacy and reduced side effects compared with unbiased ligands. We previously discovered first-in-class,beta-arrestin-biased agonists of dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) by extensively exploring multiple regions of aripiprazole, a balanced D2R agonist. In our continuing efforts to identify biased agonists of D2R, we unexpectedly discovered a G protein-biased agonist of D2R, compound 1, which is the first G protein-biased D2R agonist from the aripiprazole scaffold. We designed and synthesized novel analogues to explore two regions of 1 and conducted structure functional selectivity relationship (SFSR) studies. Here we report the discovery of 1, findings from our SFSR studies, and characterization of novel G protein-biased D2R agonists.
Discovery of G Protein-Biased D2 Dopamine Receptor Partial Agonists
摘要:
Biased ligands (also known as functionally selective ligands) of G protein-coupled receptors are valuable tools for dissecting the roles of G protein-dependent and independent signaling pathways in health and disease. Biased ligands have also been increasingly pursued by the biomedical community as promising therapeutics with improved efficacy and reduced side effects compared with unbiased ligands. We previously discovered first-in-class,beta-arrestin-biased agonists of dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) by extensively exploring multiple regions of aripiprazole, a balanced D2R agonist. In our continuing efforts to identify biased agonists of D2R, we unexpectedly discovered a G protein-biased agonist of D2R, compound 1, which is the first G protein-biased D2R agonist from the aripiprazole scaffold. We designed and synthesized novel analogues to explore two regions of 1 and conducted structure functional selectivity relationship (SFSR) studies. Here we report the discovery of 1, findings from our SFSR studies, and characterization of novel G protein-biased D2R agonists.
A domino one–potsynthesis of 2-(trifluoromethyl) benzothiazole via copper–mediated three–component cascade reaction starting from the easily accessible starting materials such as o-iodoanilines, methyl trifluoropyruvate, and elemental sulfur is reported. The present strategy displayed a comprehensive substrate scope and good functional group tolerance and enabled access to a variety of substituted
An efficient one-pot method for the synthesis of 2-trifluoromethylbenzothiazoles by the treatment of trifluoromethylimidoyl chlorides with sodium hydrosulfide hydrate using PdCl(2) as the sole catalyst in DMSO is described. The reaction proceeds via thiolation/C H bond functionalization/C S bond formation in moderate to high yields with good functional group tolerance.