This invention relates to the compounds represented by the general formula [I],
[in which A-D signify optionally substituted methine group(s) or nitrogen atom; E signifies oxygen or sulfur atom;
signify optionally substituted mono- or bi-cyclic aliphatic nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group(s); R1 signifies lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, cyclo(lower alkyl), lower alkanoyl, lower alkoxycarbonyl, optionally substituted lower alkyl and the like; and R2 signifies lower alkyl].
The compounds of the present invention exhibit an action to stimulate muscarinic acetylcholine receptors M4, and are useful as analgesic for diseases accompanying pain such as cancerous pain, migraine, gout, chronic rheumatism, chronic pain or neuralgia; or as agents for treating tolerance to narcotic analgesics represented by morphine, dependence on narcotic analgesics represented by morphine, itching, dementia, irritable bowel syndrome, schizophrenia, glaucoma, pollakiuria, urinary incontinence, cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, functional dyspepsia and reflux esophagitis.
The current invention provides novel retinoid compounds and methods for their synthesis, the use of such compounds for the preparation of medicaments for treating or preventing emphysema, cancer and dermatological disorders, methods for such deseases and pharmaceutical compositions suitable for the treatment or prevention of emphysema, cancer and dermatological disorders.