Highly Enantioselective Chlorination of β-Keto Esters and Subsequent SN2 Displacement of Tertiary Chlorides: A Flexible Method for the Construction of Quaternary Stereogenic Centers
摘要:
Highly enantioselective chlorination of beta-oxo esters and subsequent stereospecific substitution of tertiary chlorides are described. Enantioselective chlorination of beta-keto esters and malonates was performed using a chiral Lewis acid catalyst prepared from Cu(OTf)(2) and the newly developed spirooxazoline ligand 2 to yield the desired a-chlorinated products with high enantioselectivity (up to 98% ee). Nucleophilic substitution of the resulting chlorides proceeded smoothly to afford a variety of chiral molecules such as alpha-amino, alpha-allcylthio, and alpha-fluoro esters, without loss of enantiopurity. The results of X-ray crystallographic analysis proved that Walden inversion occurs at the chlorinated tertiary carbon center. These results supported the fact that the substitution proceeds via an S(N)2 mechanism.
Chiral bifunctional phase transfer catalysts introducing bis(diarylhydroxymethyl) substituents at 3,3â²-positions of the chiral binaphthyl core were successfully applied to asymmetric fluorination of cyclic β-keto esters with high enantioselectivities.
Iron(iii)–salan complexes catalysed highly enantioselective fluorination and hydroxylation of β-keto esters and N-Boc oxindoles
作者:Xin Gu、Yan Zhang、Zhen-Jiang Xu、Chi-Ming Che
DOI:10.1039/c4cc01631a
日期:——
Chiral iron(III)âsalan complexes catalysed highly enantioselective α-fluorination and α-hydroxylation of β-keto esters and N-Boc oxindoles to give the corresponding products in high yields and good-to-excellent ee values under mild reaction conditions.
Syntheses and Applications of (Thio)Urea-Containing Chiral Quaternary Ammonium Salt Catalysts
作者:Johanna Novacek、Mario Waser
DOI:10.1002/ejoc.201301594
日期:2014.2
bifunctional (thio)urea-containingquaternaryammonium salts based on easily obtainable chiral backbones. Among the different classes of catalysts that were successfully synthesized, those based on trans-1,2-cyclohexane diamine were found to be the most powerful for the asymmetric α-fluorination of β-keto esters. Selectivities up to 93:7 could be obtained by using only 2 mol-% of the optimized catalyst. The