1-phenethylisoquinoline | 13033-04-0

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机杂环化合物 - 异喹啉及其衍生物
• 英文名称: 1-phenethylisoquinoline
• 英文别名: Phenethylisoquinoline；1-(2-phenylethyl)isoquinoline
• CAS: 13033-04-0
• 化学式: C₁₇H₁₅N
• 分子量: 233.313
• InChiKey: FERCLXHDANFYLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  4.4
• 重原子数：
  18
• 可旋转键数：
  3
• 环数：
  3.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.12
• 拓扑面积：
  12.9
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  1

反应信息

• 作为产物：
  描述：

  (E)-1-styrylisoquinoline 在 palladium on activated charcoal 、 乙醇 作用下， 生成 1-phenethylisoquinoline
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Reduction and Benzylation by Means of Benzyl Alcohol. III. Experiments in the Pyridine Series¹

  摘要：

  DOI：

  10.1021/ja01597a063

文献信息

• Iron-catalysed alkylation of 2-methyl and 4-methyl azaarenes with alcohols <i>via</i> C–H bond activation
  作者：Lalit Mohan Kabadwal、Sourajit Bera、Debasis Banerjee

  DOI：10.1039/d0cc01593h

  日期：——

  The first Fe-catalysed alkylation of 2-methyl and 4-methyl-azaarenes with a series of alkyl and hetero-aryl alcohols is reported (>39 examples and up to 95% yield). Multi-functionalisation of pyrazines and synthesis of anti-malarial drug (±) Angustureine significantly broaden the scope of this methodology. Preliminary mechanistic investigation, deuterium labeling and kinetic experiments including trapping

  报道了用一系列烷基和杂芳基醇进行的第一个Fe催化的2-甲基和4-甲基氮杂氮杂芳烃的烷基化反应（> 39个实例，收率高达95％）。吡嗪的多功能化和抗疟药（±）安格西汀的合成大大拓宽了该方法的范围。初步的机理研究，氘标记和动力学实验（包括捕集烯胺中间体1a'）特别重要。
• Nickel-catalysed alkylation of C(sp³)–H bonds with alcohols: direct access to functionalised N-heteroaromatics
  作者：Mari Vellakkaran、Jagadish Das、Sourajit Bera、Debasis Banerjee

  DOI：10.1039/c8cc06370b

  日期：——

  The first base-metal catalysed coupling of primary alcohols with methyl-N-heteroaromatics is reported. The use of an earth abundant and nonprecious NiBr2/L1 system enables access to a series of C(sp3)-alkylated N-heteroaromatics. Mechanistic studies have established the participation of a hydrogen-borrowing strategy for α-alkylation.

  据报道，伯醇与甲基-N-杂芳族化合物的首次贱金属催化偶联。使用地球上丰富的非贵金属NiBr 2 / L1系统可以访问一系列C（sp 3）-烷基化的N-杂芳族化合物。机理研究已经确立了氢借用策略用于α-烷基化的参与。
• Alcohols as alkylating agents in heteroarene C–H functionalization
  作者：Jian Jin、David W. C. MacMillan

  DOI：10.1038/nature14885

  日期：2015.9

  The biochemical process of spin-centre shift is used to accomplish mild, non-traditional alkylation reactions using alcohols as radical precursors; this represents the first broadly applicable use of unactivated alcohols as latent alkylating reagents, achieved via the successful merger of photoredox and hydrogen atom transfer catalysis. A central reaction in DNA biosynthesis is ribonucleotide deoxygenation via the radical-mediated elimination of H2O, which is an example of 'spin-centre shift' (SCS), during which an alcohol C–O bond is cleaved to produce in a carbon-centred radical intermediate. Although SCS is a well-understood biochemical process, it is underutilized by the synthetic organic chemistry community. Here Jian Jin and David MacMillan show that it is possible to take advantage of this naturally occurring process to accomplish mild, non-traditional alkylations using alcohols as radical precursors. This method represents the first broadly applicable use of unactivated alcohols as latent alkylating reagents, achieved via the merger of photoredox and hydrogen atom transfer catalysis. Redox processes and radical intermediates are found in many biochemical processes, including deoxyribonucleotide synthesis and oxidative DNA damage1. One of the core principles underlying DNA biosynthesis is the radical-mediated elimination of H2O to deoxygenate ribonucleotides, an example of ‘spin-centre shift’2, during which an alcohol C–O bond is cleaved, resulting in a carbon-centred radical intermediate. Although spin-centre shift is a well-understood biochemical process, it is underused by the synthetic organic chemistry community. We wondered whether it would be possible to take advantage of this naturally occurring process to accomplish mild, non-traditional alkylation reactions using alcohols as radical precursors. Because conventional radical-based alkylation methods require the use of stoichiometric oxidants, increased temperatures or peroxides3,4,5,6,7, a mild protocol using simple and abundant alkylating agents would have considerable use in the synthesis of diversely functionalized pharmacophores. Here we describe the development of a dual catalytic alkylation of heteroarenes, using alcohols as mild alkylating reagents. This method represents the first, to our knowledge, broadly applicable use of unactivated alcohols as latent alkylating reagents, achieved via the successful merger of photoredox and hydrogen atom transfer catalysis. The value of this multi-catalytic protocol has been demonstrated through the late-stage functionalization of the medicinal agents, fasudil and milrinone.

  利用自旋中心转移的生化过程，通过醇作为自由基前体，可以实现温和的、非传统的烷基化反应。这在合成有机化学领域尚未得到充分应用。本文中Jin Jian和David MacMillan展示了一种方法，即利用这一自然发生的自旋中心转移过程，以醇作为自由基前体，实现温和、非传统的烷基化反应。这种方法首次实现了在广泛应用上将非活化醇作为潜在烷基化试剂，其核心是通过光氧化还原与氢原子转移催化的结合来实现。氧化还原过程和自由基中间体在很多生化过程中都存在，包括脱氧核糖核酸的合成和氧化性DNA损伤。DNA生物合成的关键原理之一就是通过自由基介导的水分子消除反应来脱氧核糖核苷酸，这也是"自旋中心转移"的一个例子。在这个过程中，醇的C-O键断裂，形成碳中心的自由基中间产物。虽然自旋中心转移是一个广为人知的生化过程，但在合成有机化学领域，这一方法尚未得到广泛应用。我们想知道是否有可能利用这个自然发生的自旋中心转移过程，以醇作为自由基前体，实现温和、非传统的烷基化反应。传统的基于自由基的烷基化方法通常需要使用化学计量的氧化剂、提高温度或使用过氧化物，因此一个使用简单且丰富的烷基化试剂的温和协议在合成多样功能化的药物分子上具有很大的应用价值。在这里，我们描述了一种使用醇作为温和烷基化试剂的双催化烷基化杂芳烃的方法。据我们所知，这代表了首次在广泛应用上将非活化醇作为潜在烷基化试剂，其成功在于实现了光氧化还原与氢原子转移催化的结合。该多催化协议的价值已通过药物分子法舒地尔和米力农的后期功能化得到展示。
• Metal-Free Oxidative Decarbonylative Coupling of Aliphatic Aldehydes with Azaarenes: Successful Minisci-Type Alkylation of Various Heterocycles
  作者：Ren-Jin Tang、Lei Kang、Luo Yang

  DOI：10.1002/adsc.201500268

  日期：2015.6.15

  A metal‐free oxidative decarbonylative coupling of aliphatic aldehydes with various electron‐deficient heterocycles has been developed. This reaction is supposed to be realized via a Minisci‐type mechanism, based on the substrate scope, regioselectivity and radical trapping experiments. The ready availability of aliphatic aldehydes, metal‐free conditions and broad substrate scope should make this method

  已经开发出脂肪族醛与各种电子不足的杂环的无金属氧化脱羰基偶联。根据底物范围，区域选择性和自由基捕获实验，该反应被认为是通过Minisci型机制实现的。脂肪醛的现成可用性，无金属条件和广泛的底物范围应使该方法对生物活性杂环的后期烷基化具有吸引力。
• The copper-catalysed Suzuki–Miyaura coupling of alkylboron reagents: disproportionation of anionic (alkyl)(alkoxy)borates to anionic dialkylborates prior to transmetalation
  作者：Prakash Basnet、Surendra Thapa、Diane A. Dickie、Ramesh Giri

  DOI：10.1039/c6cc05114f

  日期：——

  A novel Cu-catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling of alkylboron reagents with aryl and heteroaryl iodides is reported.

  报道了一种新型的Cu催化的Suzuki-Miyaura烷基硼试剂与芳基和杂环碘化物的交叉偶联反应。