The dielectric loss (tan δ) of titanium dioxide (TiO2) disks has been measured at a frequency of 3 GHz. High‐purity TiO2 sintered to almost‐full density exhibits a very high tan δ, which is interpreted to be due to oxygen deficiency. To counter this, doping with stable divalent and trivalent cations, such as Mg and Al, leads to a low tan δ, probably by preventing Ti4+ reduction. The tan δ of polycrystalline TiO2 doped with divalent and trivalent ions with ionic radii in the range of 0.5–0.95 Å at 3 GHz can be very low: 6 × 10−5 (Q∼ 17 000) at a temperature of 300 K. The tan δ of undoped pure TiO2 disks increases when the disks are cooled from 300 K to ∼100 K. At temperatures <100 K, the tan δ decreases rapidly, which is interpreted as carrier freeze‐out. The tan δ for all the high‐Q doped TiO2 polycrystalline samples smoothly decrease to ∼5 × 10−6 (Q∼ 200 000) at 15 K, comparable to that of single crystals.
A polymer scale preventive agent for use in polymerization of a monomer having an ethylenically unsaturated double bond, comprising a naphthoquinone dimer compound. This agent is applied to the inner wall surfaces of a polymerization vessel to form a coating. Such a vessel is effective in preventing polymer scale deposition, not only on the areas located in the liquid-phase region but also on the areas around the interface between the gas and liquid phases in the vessel, and useful in producing a polymer that shows few fish eyes and good whiteness when formed into sheets or the like.