Rational Design of Potent, Small, Synthetic Allosteric Inhibitors of Thrombin
摘要:
Thrombin is a key enzyme targeted by the majority of current anticoagulants that are direct inhibitors. Allosteric inhibition of thrombin may. offer a major advantage of finely tuned regulation. We present here sulfated benzofurans as the first examples of potent, small allosteric inhibitors of thrombin. A sulfated benzofuran library of 15 sulfated monomers and 13 sulfated dimers with different charged, polar, and hydrophobic substituents was studied in this work. Synthesis of the sulfated benzofurans was achieved through a multiple step, highly branched strategy, which culminated with microwave-assisted chemical sulfation. Of the 28 potential inhibitors, 11 exhibited reasonable inhibition of human a.-thrombin at pH 7.4. Structure-activity relationship analysis indicated that sulfation at the 5-position of the benzofuran scaffold was essential for targeting thrombin. A tert-butyl 5-sulfated benzofuran derivative was found to be the most potent thrombin inhibitor with an IC50 of 7.3 mu M under physiologically relevant conditions. Michaelis-Menten studies showed an allosteric inhibition phenomenon. Plasma clotting assays indicate that the sulfated benzofurans prolong both the activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time. Overall, this work puts forward sulfated benzofurans as the first small, synthetic molecules as powerful lead compounds for the design of a new class of allosteric inhibitors of thrombin.
Rational Design of Potent, Small, Synthetic Allosteric Inhibitors of Thrombin
摘要:
Thrombin is a key enzyme targeted by the majority of current anticoagulants that are direct inhibitors. Allosteric inhibition of thrombin may. offer a major advantage of finely tuned regulation. We present here sulfated benzofurans as the first examples of potent, small allosteric inhibitors of thrombin. A sulfated benzofuran library of 15 sulfated monomers and 13 sulfated dimers with different charged, polar, and hydrophobic substituents was studied in this work. Synthesis of the sulfated benzofurans was achieved through a multiple step, highly branched strategy, which culminated with microwave-assisted chemical sulfation. Of the 28 potential inhibitors, 11 exhibited reasonable inhibition of human a.-thrombin at pH 7.4. Structure-activity relationship analysis indicated that sulfation at the 5-position of the benzofuran scaffold was essential for targeting thrombin. A tert-butyl 5-sulfated benzofuran derivative was found to be the most potent thrombin inhibitor with an IC50 of 7.3 mu M under physiologically relevant conditions. Michaelis-Menten studies showed an allosteric inhibition phenomenon. Plasma clotting assays indicate that the sulfated benzofurans prolong both the activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time. Overall, this work puts forward sulfated benzofurans as the first small, synthetic molecules as powerful lead compounds for the design of a new class of allosteric inhibitors of thrombin.
First steps in the direction of synthetic, allosteric, direct inhibitors of thrombin and factor Xa
作者:Jenson Verghese、Aiye Liang、Preet Pal Singh Sidhu、Michael Hindle、Qibing Zhou、Umesh R. Desai
DOI:10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.06.013
日期:2009.8
Designing non-saccharide functional mimics of heparin is a major challenge. In this work, a library of small, aromatic molecules based on the sulfated DHP scaffold was synthesized and screened against thrombin and factor Xa. The results reveal that (i) selected monomeric benzofuran derivatives inhibit the two enzymes, albeit weakly; (ii) the two enzymes recognize different structural features in the
设计肝素的非糖类功能模拟物是一项重大挑战。在这项工作中,合成了一个基于硫酸化 DHP 支架的芳香小分子库,并针对凝血酶和 Xa 因子进行了筛选。结果表明:(ⅰ)选择的单体苯并呋喃衍生物抑制这两种酶,尽管弱; (ii) 这两种酶识别所研究的苯并呋喃中的不同结构特征,表明识别具有显着的选择性;(iii) 抑制机制是变构的。这些分子代表了两种酶的第一个变构小分子抑制剂。