aminopterin | 1236566-87-2

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机杂环化合物 - 蝶啶及其衍生物
• 英文名称: aminopterin
• 英文别名: 4-Aminopteroylglutamic acid；2-[[4-[(2,4-diaminopteridin-6-yl)methylamino]benzoyl]amino]pentanedioic acid
• CAS: 1236566-87-2
• 化学式: C₁₉H₂₀N₈O₅
• 分子量: 440.418
• InChiKey: TVZGACDUOSZQKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -2
• 重原子数：
  32
• 可旋转键数：
  9
• 环数：
  3.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.21
• 拓扑面积：
  219
• 氢给体数：
  6
• 氢受体数：
  12

ADMET

毒理性

• 毒性总结

氨甲基蝶呤是叶酸的氨基酸衍生物，它与二氢叶酸还原酶酶竞争性结合，阻止四氢叶酸的合成。四氢叶酸在嘌呤和嘧啶的生产中至关重要，因此其缺乏会导致DNA、RNA和蛋白质合成的减少。

Aminopterin is an amino derivative of folic acid which binds competitively to the dihydrofolate reductase enzyme to block tetrahydrofolate synthesis. Tetrahydrofolate is essential in the production of purines and pyrimadines, thus it's deficiency results in a reduction of DNA, RNA and protein synthesis.

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

对人类不具有致癌性（未被国际癌症研究机构IARC列名）。

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 副作用

再生障碍性贫血 - 血液中存在增多的正铁血红蛋白；该化合物被归类为原发性毒性效应。

Aplastic anemia - The presence of increased methemoglobin in the blood; the compound is classified as primary toxic effect.

来源:Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

基本治疗：建立专利气道。如有必要，进行吸痰。观察呼吸不足的迹象，如有需要，协助通气。通过非循环呼吸面罩以10至15升/分钟的速度给予氧气。监测肺水肿，如有必要进行治疗……。监测休克，如有必要进行治疗……。预见并处理癫痫发作……。对于眼睛污染，立即用水冲洗眼睛。在运输过程中，用生理盐水连续冲洗每只眼睛……。不要使用催吐剂。对于摄入，如果患者能吞咽、有强烈的干呕反射且不流口水，则用水冲洗口腔，并给予5毫升/千克，最多200毫升的水进行稀释……。在去污后，用干燥的无菌敷料覆盖皮肤烧伤……。/毒药A和B/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poison A and B/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

高级治疗：对于无意识、严重肺水肿或呼吸停止的患者，考虑进行口咽或鼻咽气管插管以控制气道。使用气囊面罩装置的正压通气技术可能有益。监测心率和必要时治疗心律失常。 ... 开始静脉输液，使用D5W/SRP：“保持开放”，最低流量/。如果出现低血容量的迹象，使用乳酸钠林格氏液。注意液体过载的迹象。考虑使用药物治疗肺水肿。对于伴有低血容量迹象的低血压，谨慎给予液体。注意液体过载的迹象。用地西泮（安定）治疗癫痫。使用丙美卡因氢氯化物协助眼部冲洗。/毒药A和B/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in respiratory arrest. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poison A and B/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

反应信息

• 作为产物：
  描述：

  N-(4-氨基苯甲酰基)-DL-谷氨酸 、 6-溴乙基-喋啶-2,4-二胺 在 N-(4-氨基苯甲酰基)-DL-谷氨酸 作用下， 以68的产率得到aminopterin
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Compositions and methods employing aminopterin

  摘要：

  本发明涉及含有抗叶酸类药物氨甲喋呤的制药组合物、制备这些组合物的方法，以及使用它们治疗成人和儿童患者疾病的方法。本发明提供了几乎不含杂质的制药组合物，其中包括治疗有效量的氨甲喋呤或其药学上可接受的盐。相对于现有技术的教导，所披露的方法和组合物提供了意外的改进，包括儿童患者口服生物利用度更高、口服生物利用度的患者间系数变异更小、口服生物利用度的患者内平均系数变异更小、更大的治疗指数、毒性系数变异更小、联合治疗的疗效以及某些多聚谷氨酸代谢物的疗效。

  公开号：

  US07612071B2

文献信息

• Cobalamin conjugates for anti-tumor therapy
  申请人：Weinshenker M. Ned

  公开号：US20050054607A1

  公开（公告）日：2005-03-10

  The present invention provides a cobalamin-drug conjugate suitable for the treatment of tumor related diseases. Cobalamin is indirectly covalently bound to an anti-tumor drug via a cleavable linker and one or more optional spacers. Cobalamin is covalently bound to a first spacer or the cleavable linker via the 5′-OH of the cobalamin ribose ring. The drug is bound to a second spacer of the cleavable linker via an existing or added functional group on the drug. After administration, the conjugate forms a complex with transcobalamin (any of its isoforms). The complex then binds to a receptor on a cell membrane and is taken up into the cell. Once in the cell, an intracellular enzyme cleaves the conjugate thereby releasing the drug. Depending upon the structure of the conjugate, a particular class or type of intracellular enzyme affects the cleavage. Due to the high demand for cobalamin in growing cells, tumor cells typically take up a higher percentage of the conjugate than do normal non-growing cells. The conjugate of the invention advantageously provides a reduced systemic toxicity and enhanced efficacy as compared to a corresponding free drug.

  本发明提供了一种适用于治疗肿瘤相关疾病的钴胺素-药物结合物。钴胺素通过可切割的连接剂间接共价结合到抗肿瘤药物上，还可以通过一个或多个可选的间隔物。钴胺素通过其核糖环的5'-OH与第一间隔物或可切割连接剂共价结合。药物通过其现有或添加的功能基团与可切割连接剂的第二间隔物结合。在给药后，结合物与转钴胺素（其任何同工异构体）形成复合物。然后，该复合物结合到细胞膜上的受体并被细胞摄取。一旦进入细胞，细胞内酶将切割结合物，从而释放药物。根据结合物的结构，特定类别或类型的细胞内酶影响切割。由于生长细胞对钴胺素的需求量较高，肿瘤细胞通常摄取结合物的比例高于正常非生长细胞。本发明的结合物与相应的游离药物相比，具有较低的全身毒性和增强的疗效。
• [EN] DIHYDROPYRROLONAPHTYRIDINONE COMPOUNDS AS INHIBITORS OF JAK<br/>[FR] COMPOSÉS DE DIHYDROPYRROLONAPHTYRIDINONE COMME INHIBITEURS DE JAK
  申请人：TAKEDA PHARMACEUTICAL

  公开号：WO2010144486A1

  公开（公告）日：2010-12-16

  Disclosed are JAK inhibitors of formula (I) where G1, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, and R7 are defined in the specification. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions, kits and articles of manufacture which contain the compounds, methods and materials for making the compounds, and methods of using the compounds to treat diseases, disorders, and conditions involving the immune system and inflammation, including rheumatoid arthritis, hematological malignancies, epithelial cancers (i.e., carcinomas), and other diseases, disorders or conditions associated with JAK.

  揭示了式(I)的JAK抑制剂，其中G1、R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6和R7在规范中定义。还披露了含有这些化合物的药物组合物、试剂盒和制造物品，制备这些化合物的方法和材料，以及使用这些化合物治疗涉及免疫系统和炎症的疾病、紊乱和症状的方法，包括类风湿关节炎、血液恶性肿瘤、上皮癌（即癌症）和其他与JAK相关的疾病、紊乱或症状。
• [EN] ARYL ETHER-BASE KINASE INHIBITORS<br/>[FR] INHIBITEURS DE KINASES DE TYPE ARYLÉTHER-BASE
  申请人：BRISTOL MYERS SQUIBB CO

  公开号：WO2015038112A1

  公开（公告）日：2015-03-19

  The present disclosure is generally directed to compounds which can inhibit AAK1 (adaptor associated kinase 1), compositions comprising such compounds, and methods for inhibiting AAK1.

  本公开涉及一般可抑制AAK1（适配器相关激酶1）的化合物，包括这些化合物的组合物，以及抑制AAK1的方法。
• [EN] METALLOENZYME INHIBITOR COMPOUNDS<br/>[FR] COMPOSÉS INHIBITEURS DE MÉTALLOENZYMES
  申请人：VPS 3 INC

  公开号：WO2018165520A1

  公开（公告）日：2018-09-13

  Provided are compounds having HDAC6 modulating activity, and methods of treating diseases, disorders or symptoms thereof mediated by HDAC6.

  提供具有HDAC6调节活性的化合物，以及通过HDAC6介导的治疗疾病、疾病或症状的方法。
• [EN] PYRAZOLO[1,5-a]PYRIMIDINE-BASED COMPOUNDS, COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING THEM, AND METHODS OF THEIR USE<br/>[FR] COMPOSÉS À BASE DE PYRAZOLO[1,5-A] PYRIMIDINE, COMPOSITIONS LES COMPRENANT ET UTILISATIONS DE CEUX-CI
  申请人：LEXICON PHARMACEUTICALS INC

  公开号：WO2013134228A1

  公开（公告）日：2013-09-12

  Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-based compounds of the formula: are disclosed, wherein R1, R2 and R3 are defined herein. Compositions comprising the compounds and methods of their use to treat, manage and/or prevent diseases and disorders mediated by mediated by adaptor associated kinase 1 activity are also disclosed.

  基于吡唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶的化合物的公式如下：其中R1、R2和R3在此处被定义。还公开了包含这些化合物的组合物以及它们的使用方法，用于治疗、管理和/或预防由适配器相关激酶1活性介导的疾病和紊乱。