Abstract
Background
Trichomonas vaginalis is the causative agent of trichomoniasis, which is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases worldwide. Trichomoniasis has a high incidence and prevalence and is associated with serious complications such as HIV transmission and acquisition, pelvic inflammatory disease and preterm birth. Although trichomoniasis is treated with oral metronidazole (MTZ), the number of strains resistant to this drug is increasing (2.5–9.6%), leading to treatment failure. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find alternative drugs to combat this disease.
Methods
Herein, we report the in vitro and in silico analysis of 12 furanyl N-acylhydrazone derivatives (PFUR 4, a-k) against Trichomonas vaginalis. Trichomonas vaginalis ATCC 30236 isolate was treated with seven concentrations of these compounds to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50). In addition, compounds that displayed anti-T. vaginalis activity were analyzed using thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay and molecular docking. Cytotoxicity analysis was also performed in CHO-K1 cells.
Results
The compounds PFUR 4a and 4b, at 6.25 µM, induced complete parasite death after 24 h of exposure with IC50 of 1.69 µM and 1.98 µM, respectively. The results showed that lipid peroxidation is not involved in parasite death. Molecular docking studies predicted strong interactions of PFUR 4a and 4b with T. vaginalis enzymes, purine nucleoside phosphorylase, and lactate dehydrogenase, while only PFUR 4b interacted in silico with thioredoxin reductase and methionine gamma-lyase. PFUR 4a and 4b led to a growth inhibition (< 20%) in CHO-K1 cells that was comparable to the drug of choice, with a promising selectivity index (> 7.4).
Conclusions
Our results showed that PFUR 4a and 4b are promising molecules that can be used for the development of new trichomonacidal agents for T. vaginalis.
摘要
背景
滴虫是滴虫病的致病原,是全球最常见的性传播疾病之一。滴虫病具有高发病率和流行率,并与严重并发症如HIV传播和感染、盆腔炎症和早产有关。尽管滴虫病通常用口服甲硝唑(MTZ)治疗,但对该药物耐药的菌株数量正在增加(2.5-9.6%),导致治疗失败。因此,迫切需要找到替代药物来对抗这种疾病。
方法
在这里,我们报告了对12个呋喃基N-酰腙衍生物(PFUR 4,a-k)在体外和体内对滴虫的分析。使用七种浓度的这些化合物处理滴虫ATCC 30236分离物,以确定最小抑制浓度(MIC)和50%抑制浓度(IC50)。此外,显示抗滴虫活性的化合物使用硫代巴比妥酸反应物(TBARS)测定和分子对接进行分析。还在CHO-K1细胞中进行了细胞毒性分析。
结果
化合物PFUR 4a和4b在6.25 µM时,在暴露24小时后诱导完全寄生虫死亡,IC50分别为1.69 µM和1.98 µM。结果表明,脂质过氧化不涉及寄生虫死亡。分子对接研究预测PFUR 4a和4b与滴虫酶、嘌呤核苷酸磷酸化酶和乳酸脱氢酶之间有强烈的相互作用,而只有PFUR 4b在体内与硫氧还蛋白还原酶和甲硫氨酸γ-裂解酶相互作用。PFUR 4a和4b导致CHO-K1细胞的生长抑制(<20%),与首选药物相当,并具有有希望的选择性指数(>7.4)。
结论
我们的结果表明,PFUR 4a和4b是有希望用于开发新的滴虫杀灭剂的分子。