Harnessing Functional Plasticity of Enzymes: A Fluorogenic Probe for Imaging 17β-HSD10 Dehydrogenase, an Enzyme Involved in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases
摘要:
In this paper, we describe the development of a fluorogenic substrate for 17 beta-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase, type 10(17 beta-HSD10), which is a multifunctional metabolic enzyme fulfilling several metabolic roles beta-oxidation of fatty acids, catabolism of isoleucine, and metabolism of steroids). In recent years, it has emerged as an important stress and pathological marker in neurons and glial cells (expression downregulation in Parkinson's disease, up-regulation and association with beta-amyloid peptide in Alzheimer's disease). Through the iterative molecular design and chemical synthesis described herein, compound I was developed, which possesses all required properties for a selective optical reporter substrate: alcohol-ketone optical switching, the ability to function as a good enzyme substrate (expressed in kinetic parameters), cell permeability, and cell retention. Probe 1 provides a blue-to-green/yellow bright switch and enables non-invasive, real-time imaging of 17 beta-HSD10 in live human cells. The selectivity of reporter 1 was established by the quantitative correlation of metabolic activity to protein expression in human kidney cell line HEK-293T.
Harnessing Functional Plasticity of Enzymes: A Fluorogenic Probe for Imaging 17β-HSD10 Dehydrogenase, an Enzyme Involved in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases
摘要:
In this paper, we describe the development of a fluorogenic substrate for 17 beta-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase, type 10(17 beta-HSD10), which is a multifunctional metabolic enzyme fulfilling several metabolic roles beta-oxidation of fatty acids, catabolism of isoleucine, and metabolism of steroids). In recent years, it has emerged as an important stress and pathological marker in neurons and glial cells (expression downregulation in Parkinson's disease, up-regulation and association with beta-amyloid peptide in Alzheimer's disease). Through the iterative molecular design and chemical synthesis described herein, compound I was developed, which possesses all required properties for a selective optical reporter substrate: alcohol-ketone optical switching, the ability to function as a good enzyme substrate (expressed in kinetic parameters), cell permeability, and cell retention. Probe 1 provides a blue-to-green/yellow bright switch and enables non-invasive, real-time imaging of 17 beta-HSD10 in live human cells. The selectivity of reporter 1 was established by the quantitative correlation of metabolic activity to protein expression in human kidney cell line HEK-293T.
Arylation of Allyl Alcohols in Organic and Aqueous Media Catalyzed by Oxime-Derived Palladacycles: Synthesis of β-Arylated Carbonyl Compounds
作者:Emilio Alacid、Carmen Nájera
DOI:10.1002/adsc.200700301
日期:2007.12.10
oxime-derived palladacycle catalyzes the Mizoroki–Heck reaction of allyl alcohols with aryl iodides, bromides, and chlorides in aqueous and organic solvents. The reaction takes place in the presence of dicyclohexylmethylamine or cesium carbonate as bases, the addition of tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) as additive for aryl bromides and chlorides being necessary. Under these reaction conditions, β-arylated aldehydes
Phosphites as Ligands for Efficient Catalysis of Heck Reactions
作者:Matthias Beller、Alexander Zapf
DOI:10.1055/s-1998-1760
日期:1998.7
The palladium-catalyzed Heck reaction of aryl halides in the presence of phosphite ligands is described for the first time. Aryl bromides and even electron deficient aryl chlorides can be coupled efficiently (turnover numbers up to 31 000) with different olefins using palladium/trialkyl- or triaryl phosphite mixtures as catalysts.
作者:Mohammad Aslam、Varadaraj Elango、Kenneth G. Davenport
DOI:10.1055/s-1989-27417
日期:——
Two novel and convergent one- and two-step syntheses of 4-(6′-methoxy-2′-naphthyl) -2-butanone (nabumetone, 6) via palladium-catalyzed coupling of 2-halo-6-methoxynaphthalene (1) with 3-buten-2-ol (2) and 3-buten-2-one (3) are described. The product is obtained in 60-92% yield.