The invention is directed to compounds of Formula (I) useful as GPR40 agonists. Pharmaceutical compositions and methods of treating one or more conditions including, but not limited to, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, obesity, diabetes such as NIDDM, and other disorders related to lipid metabolism, energy homeostasis, and complications thereof, using compounds of the invention are also described.
Palladium catalyzed Heck-arylation/cyclization cascade: An environmentally benign and efficient synthesis of 4-arylcoumarins in water
作者:Junmin Chen、Wei Liu、Liandi Zhou、Yongli Zhao
DOI:10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.05.032
日期:2018.6
An environmentally benign and efficient approach for the synthesis of 4-arylcoumarins from ortho-hydroxy cinnamate ester derivatives with aryl iodides was developed in water under aerobic conditions. This transformation proceeds through a palladiumcatalyzed Heck-arylation/cyclization cascade reaction. The present protocol features a wide substrate scope and readily available starting materials to
coumarin-3-carboxylic acids is developed. This approach enables controlled protodecarboxylation/regioselective C–H arylation of coumain-3-carboxylic acids in one-pot using a monometallic catalytic system. A wide variety of electron-donating and -withdrawing substituents on both coumarins and arylboronic acid are tolerated under the reaction conditions and 4-aryl coumarins are constructed in high yields.
N-Heterocyclic Carbene Derived Nickel-Pincer Complexes: Efficient and Applicable Catalysts for Suzuki-Miyaura Coupling Reactions of Aryl/Alkenyl Tosylates and Mesylates
作者:Jun-ichi Kuroda、Kiyofumi Inamoto、Kou Hiroya、Takayuki Doi
DOI:10.1002/ejoc.200900067
日期:2009.5
activities of NHC-derived nickel–pincercomplexes for the Suzuki–Miyauracouplingreactions of aryl/alkenyltosylates and mesylates are described. In the presence of a catalytic amount of nickelacycle 1a, a wide array of tosylates and mesylates reacted with several aryl- and alkenylboronic acids to afford the coupling products, generally in high yields. Fine tuning of the reaction conditions for each class
Vinyl Nosylates: An Ideal Partner for Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions
作者:Nicolas P. Cheval、Anna Dikova、Aurélien Blanc、Jean-Marc Weibel、Patrick Pale
DOI:10.1002/chem.201300127
日期:2013.7.1
In a hurry to leave! Nosylates act as an excellent leavinggroup in various palladium‐catalyzed cross‐couplings, such as Suzuki, Stille, Heck, and Sonogashira reactions (see scheme). Crystalline, stable, and cheap vinyl and aryl nosylates proved better than classical halides and triflates, consistently giving higher yields of coupling products. Their usefulness in CCbondformation was also demonstrated