LAPAROSCOPIC NEPHROURETERECTOMY FOR UPPER TRACT TRANSITIONAL CELL CANCER: THE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY EXPERIENCE
摘要:
Purpose: Laparoscopic nephroureterectomy has only recently been done to treat patients with upper tract transitional cell carcinoma. We retrospectively evaluated our experience with and long-term followup of laparoscopic nephroureterectomy, compared our results to those of contemporary series of open nephroureterectomy and reviewed the literature.Materials and Methods: We reviewed the charts of and followed up by telephone 25 patients who underwent laparoscopic nephroureterectomy between May 1991 and June 1998, and 17 who underwent open nephroureterectomy between March 1990 and January 1997. Demographic, perioperative and followup data were compared. We performed a MEDLINE search and reviewed the literature on laparoscopic nephroureterectomy for upper tract transitional cell carcinoma.Results: Laparoscopic nephroureterectomy required twice the operating time of open nephroureterectomy (7.7 versus 3.9 hours). However, patients who underwent the laparoscopic procedure had a 74% decrease in analgesia requirements (37 versus 144 mg. morphine sulfate equivalent), a 63% shorter hospital stay (3.6 versus 9.6 days) and a 72% more rapid convalescence (2.8 versus 10 weeks). Subsequent bladder transitional cell carcinoma and overall cancer specific survival were similar at a mean followup of 2 years. There was no sign of trocar site or peritoneal seeding after laparoscopic nephroureterectomy.Conclusions: Although laparoscopic nephroureterectomy is a longer operation, it has the same efficacy and is better tolerated by patients than open nephroureterectomy for upper tract transitional cell carcinoma. As operating time decreases due to surgeon experience and the recent development of hand assisted laparoscopy, laparoscopic nephroureterectomy may soon become the procedure of choice for the ablative management of upper tract transitional cell carcinoma.
One-pot three-component synthesis of α-aminonitriles using potassium hexacyanoferrate(II) as an eco-friendly cyanide source
作者:Zheng Li、Yuanhong Ma、Jun Xu、Jinghong Shi、Hongfang Cai
DOI:10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.05.088
日期:2010.7
been developed for the synthesis of α-aminonitriles via one-pot three-component condensation of carbonyl compounds, amines, and potassiumhexacyanoferrate(II) in the presence of benzoyl chloride as a promoter. This protocol has the features of use of eco-friendlycyanidesource, high yield, and simple work-up procedure.
An Umpolung Route to Amides from α‐Aminonitriles under Metal‐Free Conditions
作者:Sathyendran Swetha、Gopal Chandru Senadi
DOI:10.1002/adsc.202200607
日期:2022.8.16
synthesize secondary and tertiary amides using O2 or air as an amide oxygen source. Radical scavenging studies disclosed that the cleavage of C−CN bond may proceed via an anionic pathway. The practicality of the work was also demonstrated through an in situ generated α-aminonitriles from corresponding aldehydes and amines to afford amides. The important features of this work include broad functional group