合成了几种双功能铵盐,并将其用作单组分催化剂,用于将CO 2和环氧化物转化为环状碳酸酯。与它们的单官能类似物相比,这些催化剂显示出优异的活性。周转次数最多为693,周转频率最多为392 h -1可以达到最佳催化剂的效果。此外,已经研究了各种溶剂的作用。所有使用的溶剂和形成的产物对底物转化率都有负面影响。对于两种常规反应方案,分别在45和90°C下仔细研究了反应的范围和限制。在超过20个示例中,过滤后的分离产率为90%。此外,我们提出了环己烯基天然存在的环状碳酸酯的首次有机催化合成,其分子结构由XRD确定。此外,我们证明了该反应甚至可以在数克范围内进行,并且可以通过原位FTIR光谱进行监测。
PROCESS FOR PRODUCING ETHYLENE GLYCOL CATALYZED BY IONIC LIQUID
申请人:Zhang Suojiang
公开号:US20130072727A1
公开(公告)日:2013-03-21
Disclosed is a process for producing ethylene glycol catalyzed by an ionic liquid, characterized in that the process includes the following three steps: (a) a carbonylation step of ethylene oxide and CO
2
catalyzed by an ionic liquid composite catalyst comprising a hydroxyl functionalized ionic liquid and an alkali metal salt under an aqueous condition to produce ethylene carbonate and ethylene glycol; (b) a hydrolysis step of reacting the reaction solution containing ethylene carbonate and the ionic liquid composite catalyst obtained in step (a) with water to produce ethylene glycol; (c) a purification step of dehydrating and refining ethylene glycol from the aqueous solution containing ethylene glycol and the catalyst produced in step (b). The present process has the following advantages: the catalyst has high activity, high suitability, and good stability, the reaction condition is wild, the conversion of ethylene oxide is high, the selectivity of ethylene glycol is high, and the process is simple.
Quaternary ammonium chlorides bound to multi-walled carbon nanotubes as a catalyst for coupling of CO2 and epoxides to produce cyclic carbonates were explored. Reaction variables such as the epoxide structure, the length of alkyl substituents in the quaternary ammoniumsalts and the spacer chain on the catalytic performance were discussed. The yield of the cyclic carbonates varied between 7 and 89%
探索了结合到多壁碳纳米管上的季铵氯化物,作为CO 2和环氧化物偶联生成环状碳酸酯的催化剂。讨论了环氧化物结构,季铵盐中烷基取代基的长度和间隔链等反应变量对催化性能的影响。在110°C低压(2 MPa CO 2)下放置6 h后,环状碳酸酯的收率在7%至89%之间变化。环氧化物:催化剂的质量比为20–30,而1 mmol g -1季盐被接枝在碳纳米管上。发现了接枝到碳纳米管上的羧基部分和铵部分之间的协同作用,并且观察到用于接枝季铵盐的间隔基团的长度对纳米管的强烈影响。使用短(2个碳原子)和长(10个原子)间隔基可获得最佳性能,而中等大小的间隔基(6个原子)不合适。铵盐(头基)的取代基的烷基链长度影响较小,其中乙基和甲基的性能优于丁基。环氧化物的反应性如下:表氯醇>环氧丙烷>氧化苯乙烯。观察通过Brønsted' 纳米管表面上的S位在环氧化物的羧化过程中起重要作用。如果在两次试验之间适当干燥,则
DEVELOPING ROLL FOR ELCTROPHOTOGRAPHIC MACHINE
申请人:Tokai Rubber Industries, Ltd.
公开号:US20130223893A1
公开(公告)日:2013-08-29
Provided is a developing roll for use in an electrophotographic machine capable of preventing an ion conductive agent from blooming and retaining long-term charge decay characteristics. The roll (
1
) includes a shaft (
2
), an elastomeric layer (
3
) and a surface layer (
4
), wherein the surface layer contains a composition containing an (A) ingredient defining a binder resin having a functional group reactive with an alkoxy silyl group in a (B) ingredient, and the (B) ingredient defining an ion conductive agent containing a cation having a chemical structure represented by R1-N
+
-R2-Si(OR3)
3
, where R1: a cyclic organic group or a linear organic group, R2: a group containing at least (CH2)n, n representing an integer number, and R3: an alkyl group, wherein the cation is bound with the (A) ingredient, and wherein the (B) ingredient is 0.10 to 3 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the (A) ingredient.
Provided is a developing roll for use in an electrophotographic machine capable of preventing an ion conductive agent from blooming and retaining long-term charge decay characteristics. The roll (1) includes a shaft (2), an elastomeric layer (3) and a surface layer (4), wherein the surface layer contains a composition containing an (A) ingredient defining a binder resin having a functional group reactive with an alkoxy silyl group in a (B) ingredient, and the (B) ingredient defining an ion conductive agent containing a cation having a chemical structure represented by R1-N+-R2-Si(OR3)3, where R1: a cyclic organic group or a linear organic group, R2: a group containing at least (CH2)n, n representing an integer number, and R3: an alkyl group, wherein the cation is bound with the (A) ingredient, and wherein the (B) ingredient is 0.10 to 3 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the (A) ingredient.