New Antibacterial Agents Derived from the DNA Gyrase Inhibitor Cyclothialidine
摘要:
Cyclothialidine (1, Ro 09-1437) is a potent DNA gyrase inhibitor that was isolated from Streptomyces filipinensis NR0484 and is a member of a new family of natural products. It acts by competitively inhibiting the ATPase activity exerted by the B subunit of DNA gyrase but barely exhibits any growth inhibitory activity against intact bacterial cells, presumably due to insufficient permeation of the cytoplasmic membrane. To explore the antibacterial potential of 1, we developed a flexible synthetic route allowing for the systematic modification of its structure. From a first set of analogues, structure-activity relationships (SAR) were established for different substitution patterns, and the 14-hydroxylated, bicyclic core (X) of 1 seemed to be the structural prerequisite for DNA gyrase inhibitory activity. The variation of the lactone ring size, however, revealed that activity can be found among 11- to 16-membered lactones, and even seco-analogues were shown to maintain some enzyme inhibitory properties, thereby reducing the minimal structural requirements to a rather simple, hydroxylated benzyl sulfide (XI). On the basis of these "minimal structures" a modification program afforded a number of inhibitors that showed in vitro activity against Gram-positive bacteria. The best activities were displayed by 14-membered lactones, and representatives of this subclass exhibit excellent and broad in vitro antibacterial activity against Gram-positive pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Enterococcus faecalis, and overcome resistance against clinically used drugs. By improving the pharmacokinetic properties of the most active compounds (94, 97), in particular by lowering their lipophilic properties, we were able to identify congeners of cyclothialidine (1) that showed efficacy in vivo.
Synthesis of Tethered Trisaccharides To Probe Inter-Saccharide Flexibility in Carbohydrate−Protein Interactions
作者:Ramon Alibés、David R. Bundle
DOI:10.1021/jo9806097
日期:1998.9.1
Two crystal structures of the trisaccharideepitope alpha-D-Galp(1-->2)[alpha-D-Abep(1-->3)alpha-D-Manp1-->OCH(3) 1 bound to antibody Fab and single-chain Fv fragments have been used to guide the design of an intramolecular tether that constrains the trisaccharide ligand to conformations close to those of the bound state. Preorganization of the ligand should overcome entropic penalties to binding and
A new class of organogelators based on triphenylmethyl derivatives of primary alcohols: hydrophobic interactions alone can mediate gelation
作者:Wangkhem P Singh、Rajkumar S Singh
DOI:10.3762/bjoc.13.17
日期:——
formation is likely to be mediated by hydrophobic interactions between the triphenylmethyl moieties and alkyl chains. Possible self-assembled packing arrangements in the gel state for 1,8-bis(trityloxy)octane and (hexadecyloxymethanetriyl)tribenzene are presented. Results from this study strongly indicate that triphenylmethyl group is a promising gelling structural unit which may be further exploited
Alternative Reagents for the Tritylation of Alcohols
作者:Y. Jyothi、A. K. Mahalingam、A. Ilangovan、G. V. M. Sharma
DOI:10.1080/00397910701357833
日期:2007.6
Abstract Two new tritylation reagents [viz. p‐methoxybenzyl trityl ether (p‐MBTE) and prenyl trityl ether (PTE)] were prepared. These two new reagents were utilized efficiently for the tritylation of alcohols, using DDQ or 20 mol% DDQ–3 eq. Mn(OAc)3.
Influence of the spacer length on the phase behaviors of mesogen-jacketed liquid crystalline polymers with a bulk side-chain
作者:Yongbing Luo、Sheng Chen、Hailiang Zhang
DOI:10.1039/c5ra07155k
日期:——
all the polymers exhibited excellent thermal stabilities. The liquidcrystalline (LC) phase structures and behaviors of the polymers were strongly dependent on the spacer length (m). With the increase of m, Tg of Pv-m-Tr decreased from 116.7 °C to 11.5 °C because of the alkyl plasticization. When m = 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, the Pv-m-Tr formed a stable columnar nematic (ΦN) phase above Tg. When m = 12, the Pv-12-Tr
一系列在侧链上包含两个三苯甲基(Tr)单元的介晶包覆液晶聚合物(MJLCP),称为聚2,5-双[(三苯甲氧基-烷基)氧羰基]-苯乙烯}(表示为Pv- m设计并成功地通过自由基聚合合成了-Tr,m=2、4、6、8、10、12,这是对苯二甲酸酯核与侧链中的Tr部分之间的亚甲基单元的数目。单体的化学结构通过1 H NMR和质谱确认。用1对聚合物进行分子表征1 H NMR,GPC和TG分析。通过包括DSC,POM和1D / 2D WAXD在内的多种技术研究了聚合物的相结构和转变温度。实验结果表明,所有聚合物均表现出优异的热稳定性。聚合物的液晶(LC)相结构和行为在很大程度上取决于间隔物长度(m)。用的增加米,Ť克PV-的米-Tr从116.7℃降至11.5℃,因为烷基塑化。当米= 2,4,6,8,10,PV-米-Tr形成稳定的柱状向列型(Φ Ñ)相以上Ť克。当m = 12时,Pv-12-Tr在T
Design, Synthesis and Structural Analysis of Glucocerebrosidase Imaging Agents
作者:Rhianna J. Rowland、Yurong Chen、Imogen Breen、Liang Wu、Wendy A. Offen、Thomas J. Beenakker、Qin Su、Adrianus M. C. H. Nieuwendijk、Johannes M. F. G. Aerts、Marta Artola、Herman S. Overkleeft、Gideon J. Davies
DOI:10.1002/chem.202102359
日期:2021.11.25
Tagged cyclophellitols offer a powerful activity-basedprobe (ABP) approach to the study of glycosidase activities. Here, a range of cyclophellitol epoxide and aziridine inhibitors and ABPs were synthesised and investigated on the 3D structure of human β-glucocerebrosidase (GBA), demonstrating their mechanism-based mode of action. We envisage these inactivators will serve useful in the study of GBA
标记的环酚为研究糖苷酶活性提供了一种强大的基于活性的探针 (ABP) 方法。在这里,合成了一系列环酚醇环氧化物和氮丙啶抑制剂和 ABP,并研究了人类 β-葡萄糖脑苷脂酶 (GBA) 的 3D 结构,证明了它们基于机制的作用模式。我们设想这些灭活剂将有助于研究与戈谢病相关的 GBA。