Electron Transport in 4H-1,1-Dioxo-4-(dicyanomethylidene)thiopyrans. Investigation of x-ray Structures of Neutral Molecules, Electrochemical Reduction to the Anion Radicals, and Absorption Properties and EPR Spectra of the Anion Radicals
摘要:
A series of 4H-1,1-dioxo-4-(dicyanomethylidene)thiopyrans 1-15, which are useful as electron-transport materials in xerography, were prepared by condensation of malononitrile with the corresponding 4H-1,1-dioxothiopyran-4-one. X-ray crystal structures of 1-5 were indicative that the thiopyran ring is planar in 1, 2, and 5 and is boat shaped in the tert-butyl-substituted derivatives 3 and 4. The 2-thienyl substituent in 5 is rigorously coplanar with the thiopyran ring in 5. The anion radicals of 1-6, which were prepared by electrochemical or lithium naphthalenide reduction, were examined by EPR and absorption spectroscopy. The experimental spin densities as determined at atomic centers by EPR spectroscopy are consistent with values determined by an ab initio calculation on the anion radical bf 9. The reduction potentials of 1-15 as measured by second-harmonic AC voltammetry: (SHACV) correlated with the sum of Hammett substituent constants at the 2- and 6-positions. Coulometric reduction and reoxidation was indicative of reversible one-electron processes in these systems. Parent compound 2 gave completely irreversible reduction even by SHACV. Electron mobilities of thin films of 3, 4, or 15 molecularly dispersed in a polyester binder were found to increase with increased planarity of the electron-transport material and increased pi-delocalization of the unpaired spin.
This invention provides an organic EL material useful for the emissive layer of an organic EL element which deteriorates little in luminance when operated over a prolonged period of time and shows excellent durability. The material is an aluminum chelate complex which is represented by general formula (1) in which Ar
1
is a mono- or bicylic arylene group, Ar
2
is a mono- or bicyclic aryl group, R
1
-R
6
are hydrogen or hydrocarbon groups containing 1-8 carbon atoms and contains a compound represented by general formula (1) in which Ar
2
is a halogen as an impurity in an amount of 350 wt ppm or less.
This invention provides an organic EL material useful for the emissive layer of an organic EL element which deteriorates little in luminance when operated over a prolonged period of time and shows excellent durability. The material is an aluminum chelate complex which is represented by general formula (1) in which Ar
1
is a mono- or bicylic arylene group, Ar
2
is a mono- or bicyclic aryl group, R
1
—R
6
are hydrogen or hydrocarbon groups containing 1-8 carbon atoms and contains a compound represented by general formula (1) in which Ar
2
is a halogen as an impurity in an amount of 350 wt ppm or less.
Electron transporting compounds, electrophotographic layers and elements comprising such compounds
申请人:EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY
(a New Jersey corporation)
公开号:EP0157492A2
公开(公告)日:1985-10-09
An electrophotographic layer comprising an electrically insulating binder and an electron donar additionally comprises, as an electron transporting compound, a 4H-thiopyran-1,1-dioxide having an electron-withdrawing group in the 4-position and a half-wave reduction potential more positive than -0.5 volt as measured against a saturated calomel electrode. Novel compounds useful as the electron transporting compound are provided.