Synthesis of α,α-difluoro-γ-butyrolactones via ethyl iododifluoroacetate
摘要:
A novel synthesis of alpha,alpha-difluoro-gamma-butyrolactones was realized by the alkaline hydrolysis of the adducts of ethyl iododifluoroacetate and alkenes. Ethyl iododifluoroacetate reacted with alkenes in the presence of sodium dithionite to give the addition products in 62-78% yields. The products were hydrolyzed in 10% aqueous sodium carbonate solution to give alpha,alpha-difluoro-gamma-butyrolactones in 93-98% yields. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
An approach for iodofluoroalkylation of unactivatedalkynes and alkenes facilitated by an earth‐abundant and inexpensive manganese catalyst, Mn2(CO)10, is reported. This protocol employs visible light as the energy input and shows a wide substrate scope and high functional‐group compatibility. A variety of synthetically useful fluoroalkylated alkyl and alkenyl iodides can be prepared in moderate to
A new approach to .alpha.,.alpha.-difluoro-functionalized esters
作者:Zhen Yu Yang、Donald J. Burton
DOI:10.1021/jo00017a026
日期:1991.8
The addition reaction of iododifluoroacetates to alkenes is initiated by copper powder (10-20 mol %) at 50-60-degrees-C. Both terminal and internal alkenes give good yields of adducts. The reaction is also applicable to alkenes containing a variety of functional groups, such as epoxy, hydroxy, ketone, ester, and phosphonate moieties. This reaction can be carried out either neat or in solvents such as hexane, benzene, acetonitrile, DMF, DMSO, and HMPA and is suppressed by p-dinitrobenzene and di-tert-butyl nitroxide. A single electron transfer initiated radical mechanism is proposed. In the presence of nickel dichloride hexahydrate, reduction of the adducts with zinc in moist THF provides the corresponding alpha,alpha-difluoro esters in good yields.