脱氧核苷酸是生物体内DNA的基本组成单位之一,由一个含氮碱基、一分子磷酸和一分子脱氧核糖构成。脱氧核苷酸的类似物是指在结构上进行部分或全部修饰的脱氧核苷酸化合物。
1. 脱氧核苷酸脱氧核苷酸主要分为四种类型,分别对应DNA中的四个碱基:腺嘌呤(Adenine, A)、胞嘧啶(Cytosine, C)、鸟嘌呤(Guanine, G)和胸腺嘧啶(Thymine, T)。它们在生物体内通过特定的酶促反应合成,并参与DNA的复制、修复及基因表达调控等生命活动。
2. 脱氧核苷酸类似物脱氧核苷酸类似物指的是结构上与天然脱氧核苷酸有相似之处,但其组成成分或功能有所改变的化合物。这些类似物广泛应用于研究DNA复制机制、细胞信号传导及治疗相关疾病等领域。
结构修饰:常见的修饰包括在脱氧核糖上的羟基被其他官能团取代(如甲基化),碱基的环状结构发生改变,或是引入荧光素等标记基团。
功能应用:
生物体内作用:部分类似物能在特定条件下被细胞内相关酶识别并掺入到新合成的DNA链中,从而影响基因组的功能和稳定性。这种特性使得它们成为探索遗传信息传递机制的重要工具。
脱氧核苷酸及其类似物的研究不仅丰富了我们对生命过程的理解,还为开发新型生物医药产品提供了理论基础和技术支持。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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3-氟-3-脱氧鸟苷 | 2-amino-9-((2R,3S,4S,5R)-4-fluoro-3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-1,9-dihydro-6H-purin-6-one | 123402-21-1 | C10H12FN5O4 |
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3'-氨基-2',3'-双脱氧鸟苷 | 3'-amino-2',3'-dideoxyguanosine | 66323-49-7 | C10H14N6O3 |
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3'-氨基-2',3'-双脱氧腺苷 | 3'-amino-2',3'-dideoxyadenosine | 7403-25-0 | C10H14N6O2 |
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3'-叠氮-2',3'-双脱氧腺苷 | 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyadenosine | 66323-44-2 | C10H12N8O2 |
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3',5'-双乙酰基-5-碘-脱氧尿苷 | 3',5'-O-diacetyl-5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine | 1956-30-5 | C13H15IN2O7 |
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2’-脱氧腺苷-5’-三磷酸二钠盐 | 2'-Deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate disodium salt | 74299-50-6 | C10H14N5Na2O12P3 |
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2’-氨基-D-尿苷 | 2'-amino-2'-deoxyuridine | 26889-39-4 | C9H13N3O5 |
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2’,2’-二氟-2’-脱氧胞嘧啶核苷-3’,5’-二苯甲酸酯 | 2',2'-difluoro-2'-deoxycytidine-3',5'-dibenzoate | 134790-39-9 | C23H19F2N3O6 |
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2-脱氧-1-溴-2-氟-3,5-二苯甲酰基-alpha-D-阿拉伯呋喃糖 | 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-3,5-di-O-benzoyl-α-D-arabinofuranosyl bromide | 97614-44-3 | C19H16BrFO5 |
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2-氨基-2'-氟-2'-脱氧腺苷 | 2,6-diamino-9-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-β-D-ribofuranosyl)-9H-purine | 134444-47-6 | C10H13FN6O3 |
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2,6-二氨基嘌呤-2'-脱氧核苷 | 2-amino-2'-deoxyadenosine | 4546-70-7 | C10H14N6O3 |
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2,3-二脱氧胞啶 | 2`,3`-dideoxycytidine | 7481-89-2 | C9H13N3O3 |
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2(1H)-嘧啶酮,4-氨基-1-[(2S,5R)-四氢-5-(羟甲基)-2-呋喃基]- | 4-amino-1-[(2S,5R)-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]pyrimidin-2-one | 7481-89-2 | C9H13N3O3 |
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2'-脱氧鸟苷 5'-(四氢三磷酸酯) | 2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-triphosphate | 2564-35-4 | C10H16N5O13P3 |
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2'-脱氧腺苷一水合物 | 2'-Deoxyadenosine monohydrate | 16373-93-6 | C10H13N5O3*H2O |
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2'-脱氧腺苷-5'-单磷酸 | 2'-Deoxyadenosine 5'-monophosphate | 653-63-4 | C10H14N5O6P |
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2'-脱氧腺苷 5'-三磷酸酯 | dATP | 1927-31-7 | C10H16N5O12P3 |
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2'-脱氧胞苷盐酸盐 | 2'-deoxycytidine monohydrochloride | 3992-42-5 | C9H13N3O4*ClH |
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2'-脱氧胞苷-5'-单磷酸 | cytidine 5'-(dihydrogen phosphate) | 1032-65-1 | C9H14N3O7P |
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2'-脱氧胞嘧啶核苷 | 2'-Deoxycytidine | 951-77-9 | C9H13N3O4 |
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2'-脱氧-5-(羟甲基)胞啶 | 5-hydroxymethyl-2'-deoxycytidine | 7226-77-9 | C10H15N3O5 |
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2'-脱氧-2-氟胞苷 | 2'-deoxy-2'-fluorocytidine | 10212-20-1 | C9H12FN3O4 |
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2'-脱氧-2'-氟鸟苷 | 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoroguanosine | 78842-13-4 | C10H12FN5O4 |
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2'-氨基-2'-脱氧鸟苷 | 2'-amino-2'-deoxyguanosine | 60966-26-9 | C10H14N6O4 |
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2'-氨基-2'-脱氧腺苷 | 2'-amino-2'-deoxyadenosine | 10414-81-0 | C10H14N6O3 |
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2'-氟-2'-脱氧腺苷 | 2'-fluorodeoxyadenosine | 64183-27-3 | C10H12FN5O3 |
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2'-氟-2'-脱氧尿苷 | 2'-deoxy-2'-fluorouridine | 784-71-4 | C9H11FN2O5 |
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2'-叠氮-2'-脱氧尿苷 | 2'-azido-2'-deoxyuridine | 26929-65-7 | C9H11N5O5 |
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2',3'-双脱氧腺苷 | 2',3'-Dideoxyadenosine | 4097-22-7 | C10H13N5O2 |
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2',3'-二脱氧鸟苷 | 2',3'-dideoxyguanosine | 85326-06-3 | C10H13N5O3 |
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2',3'-二脱氧尿苷 | 2',3'-Dideoxyuridine | 5983-09-5 | C9H12N2O4 |
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2',3'-二-O-乙酰基-5'-脱氧-5-氟-D-胞啶 | 2',3'-di-O-acetyl-5'-deoxy-5-fluorocytidine | 161599-46-8 | C13H16FN3O6 |
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—— | Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate), 2'-deoxy-, trisodium salt | 93919-41-6 | C10H16N5Na3O13P3+3 |
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—— | ((2R,3R,4S)-3-(benzoyloxy)-5-bromo-4-fluorotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl benzoate | 97614-44-3 | C19H16BrFO5 |
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—— | Inosine, 2'-deoxy-6-thio- | 2239-64-7 | C10H12N4O3S |
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—— | N-[9-[(4S,5R)-5-[[bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-phenylmethoxy]methyl]-4-hydroxyoxolan-2-yl]-6-oxo-1H-purin-2-yl]-2-methylpropanamide | 68892-41-1 | C35H37N5O7 |
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—— | sulfosuccinimidyl-6-(biotin-amido)hexanoate | 127062-22-0 | C20H30N4O9S2 |
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—— | cladribine | 4291-63-8 | C10H12ClN5O3 |
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—— | 5-bromo-4-thio-2'-deoxyuridine | 676556-11-9 | C9H11BrN2O4S |
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—— | 7-iodo-7-deaza-2'-deoxyguanosine | 172163-62-1 | C11H13IN4O4 |
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—— | 4-amino-1-[(2R,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-5-methylpyrimidin-2-one | 838-07-3 | C10H15N3O4 |
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—— | deoxyadenine 5'-monophosphate | 653-63-4 | C10H14N5O6P*2Na |
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—— | Brcdr | 1022-79-3 | C9H12BrN3O4 |
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—— | 5'-Deoxy-5'-aminoadenosine | 14365-44-7 | C10H14N6O3 |
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—— | 3'-epi-5-Chloro-2'-deoxyuridine | 50-90-8 | C9H11ClN2O5 |
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—— | 4-amino-1-[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-3-fluoro-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]pyrimidin-2-one | 10212-20-1 | C9H12FN3O4 |
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—— | 2'-Azido-2'-deoxyuridine-5'-triphosphate | 26929-65-7 | C9H11N5O5 |
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—— | 5'-Desoxy-cytidylsaeure | 1032-65-1 | C9H14N3O7P |
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—— | 5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-4-fluoro-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol | 64183-27-3 | C10H12FN5O3 |
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—— | N-Benzoyl-5'-O-(p,p'-dimethoxytrityl)-2'-deoxycytidine | 128435-26-7 | C37H35N3O7 |
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