酰卤
酰卤
酰卤是一类含有卤素原子（如氯、溴等）和羰基官能团的化合物，通式为R-CO-X，其中R代表一个烷基、芳基或其他烃基团，X表示卤素。这类化合物因其在有机合成中具有重要应用而受到广泛关注。
1. 物理性质 酰卤通常为无色液体或固体，在常温下较为稳定，但在较高温度时会发生水解反应生成相应的羧酸和卤化氢。例如，乙酰氯（CH3COCl）是无色易挥发的油状液体，而乙酸酐（CH3CO)2O则为有刺激性气味的无色透明液体。
2. 化学性质
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水解反应：酰卤能够与水迅速反应生成相应的羧酸和卤化氢气体。例如： [ R-CO-X + H_2O → R-COOH + HX ]
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亲核取代反应：这类化合物也是良好的离去基团，可以用于亲核取代反应，如傅-克酰基化反应等。 [ R'-OH + R-COCl → R'-COR + HCl ]
3. 应用 酰卤因其较高的活性和选择性，在有机合成中具有重要应用价值。它们常被用来作为中间体来引入羰基，进而用于合成各种重要的药物、农药、香料等化合物。
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药物合成：由于其高反应性和稳定性，酰卤常用于制备特定结构的药物分子。
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合成其他化学品：通过与多种亲核试剂发生反应，可以合成酯、酸酐等多种衍生物。
总的来说，酰卤是一类多功能且广泛应用的有机化合物，在有机化学领域占据着重要位置。
相关化合物
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-十五氟基-1-庚烷磺酰氯 | perfluoroheptane sulfonylfluoride | 335-71-7 | C7F16O2S |
|
| (3,5-二氟苯基)甲烷磺酰氯 | (3,5-Difluorophenyl)methanesulfonyl chloride | 163295-74-7 | C7H5ClF2O2S |
|
| (3,4-二甲氧基苯基)乙酰氯 | 3,4-dimethoxyphenylacetyl chloride | 10313-60-7 | C10H11ClO3 |
|
| (2R)-2-氯丙酰氯 | (R)-2-chloropropionyl chloride | 70110-25-7 | C3H4Cl2O |
|
| (2-氯-4-氟苯基)甲烷磺酰氯 | (2-Chloro-4-fluorophenyl)methanesulfonyl chloride | 541528-45-4 | C7H5Cl2FO2S |
|
| (2,6-二甲基苯氧基)乙酰氯 | 2,6-dimethylphenoxyacetyl chloride | 20143-48-0 | C10H11ClO2 |
|
| (2,5-二甲氧苯基)乙酰氯 | 2,5-dimethoxyphenylacetyl chloride | 52711-92-9 | C10H11ClO3 |
|
| (2,4-二氯苯基)甲磺酰氯 | (2,4-dichlorophenyl)methanesulfonyl chloride | 88691-50-3 | C7H5Cl3O2S |
|
| —— | 2-Ethyl-5-methoxybenzenesulfonyl chloride | 1351416-48-2 | C9H11ClO3S |
|
| —— | 5-chloro-4-methylthiophene-2-sulfonyl chloride | 1353435-17-2 | C5H4Cl2O2S2 |
|
| —— | 4-(Trifluoromethoxy)phenylmethanesulfonyl chloride | 683813-55-0 | C8H6ClF3O3S |
|
| —— | 2-Fluoro-5-methoxypyridine-4-sulfonyl chloride | 1261801-17-5 | C6H5ClFNO3S |
|
| —— | 2-fluoro-4-methylbenzylsulfonyl chloride | 1505607-08-8 | C8H8ClFO2S |
|
| —— | (4-Fluoro-2-methylphenyl)methanesulfonyl chloride | 1248508-79-3 | C8H8ClFO2S |
|
| —— | dimethyloctanediimidate dihydrochloride | 34490-86-3 | C10H20N2O2*2ClH |
|
| —— | (R)-O-acetylmandeloyl chloride | 49845-69-4 | C10H9ClO3 |
|
| —— | 4,5-Dichloro-2-methoxy-benzenesulfonyl chloride | 35509-61-6 | C7H5Cl3O3S |
|
| —— | 3-Methylfuran-2-sulfonyl chloride | 926921-60-0 | C5H5ClO3S |
|
| —— | trans-5-Norbornene-2,3-dicarbonyl chloride | 4582-21-2 | C9H8Cl2O2 |
|
| —— | 4-ethylamino-benzoyl chloride | 4755-50-4 | C9H10ClNO |
|
| —— | (2,3-difluorophenyl)methanesulfonyl Chloride | 886498-49-3 | C7H5ClF2O2S |
|
| —— | 7-bromo-6-methoxy-benzo[b]thiophene-2-sulfonyl chloride | 1158208-62-8 | C9H6BrClO3S2 |
|
| —— | 3-(4-chlorophenoxy)benzenesulfonyl Chloride | 501697-55-8 | C12H8Cl2O3S |
|
| —— | dimethyl adipimidate dihydrochloride | 14620-72-5 | C8H16N2O2*2ClH |
|
| —— | 2-Chloro-6-methylpyridine-4-sulfonyl chloride | 1211527-22-8 | C6H5Cl2NO2S |
|
| —— | (2S)-ethylhexanoyl chloride | 760-67-8 | C8H15ClO |
|
| —— | 2-ethylhexanoyl chloride | 760-67-8 | C8H15ClO |
|
| —— | (2R,3R)-Bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarbonyl dichloride | 4582-21-2 | C9H8Cl2O2 |
|
| —— | (<i>R</i>)-2-bromo-hexanoyl chloride | 42768-46-7 | C6H10BrClO |
|
| —— | 5-Methyl-4-chlorformyl-3-(4-chlor-phenyl)-isoxazol | 91059-01-7 | C11H7Cl2NO2 |
|
| —— | (E)-2-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethene-1-sulfonyl chloride | 1161945-21-6 | C9H6ClF3O2S |
|
| —— | chloramine N | 29917-04-2 | C6H4ClN2O4S*Na |
|
| —— | trans-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarbonyl dichloride | 4582-21-2 | C9H8Cl2O2 |
|
| —— | 1-phenyl-ethanesulfonyl chloride | 58032-85-2 | C8H9ClO2S |
|
| —— | 4-chlorobenzoyl fluoride | 456-21-3 | C7H4ClFO |
|
| —— | 4-((4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl)benzoyl chloride dihydrochloride | 106261-64-7 | C13H17ClN2O*2ClH |
|
| —— | (+)-(1S,2S,5R)-menthyl chloride | 13371-12-5 | C10H19Cl |
|
| —— | bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene-5-carbonyl chloride | 27063-48-5 | C8H9ClO |
|
| —— | 5-chloro-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-benzooxazole-6-sulfonyl chloride | 5791-05-9 | C7H3Cl2NO4S |
|
| —— | (S)-2-bromopropionyl chloride | 7148-74-5 | C3H4BrClO |
|
| —— | 4-N,N-dimethylaminocrotonoylchloride Hydrochloride | 501332-27-0 | C6H10ClNO*ClH |
|
| —— | 7-bromoheptanoyl chloride | 50733-91-0 | C7H12BrClO |
|
| —— | (E)-pent-2-enoyl chloride | 33698-85-0 | C5H7ClO |
|
| —— | elaidoyl chloride | 112-77-6 | C18H33ClO |
|
| —— | (R)-2-bromopropionyl chloride | 52152-04-2 | C3H4BrClO |
|
| —— | 1-(2,2-difluorobenzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)cyclopropanecarbonyl chloride | 1004294-65-8 | C11H7ClF2O3 |
|
| —— | (E)-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)acryloyl chloride | 10263-19-1 | C12H13ClO4 |
|
| —— | palmitoleoyl chloride | 40426-22-0 | C16H29ClO |
|
| —— | 3-benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yl-acryloyl chloride | 26930-49-4 | C10H7ClO3 |
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