黄酮类化合物
黄酮类化合物
定义与结构特征
黄酮类化合物是一大类天然存在的有机化合物，属于酚类衍生物。它们的分子结构通常包含两个苯环（A和B环）和一个三碳环（C环），形成一个基本骨架。该骨架由多个亚结构组成，包括黄烷醇、黄酮、黄酮醇等。
生物来源黄酮类化合物广泛存在于植物界中，常见于许多蔬菜、水果及中药中。例如，在大豆、柑橘、茶叶和甘草中都可以找到它们的身影。
化学性质 亲水性与溶解度由于其分子结构中含有多个酚羟基，因此具有一定的亲水性和良好的溶解性，这使得黄酮类化合物在药物设计中扮演重要角色。
稳定性与光敏性大多数黄酮类化合物相对稳定，在适宜条件下不易发生降解。但某些类型的黄酮对光照比较敏感，容易被氧化，导致颜色变化。
生理活性与药用价值黄酮类化合物因其丰富的生理活性而备受关注，主要包括：
- 抗氧化作用：可有效清除体内自由基，保护细胞免受损伤。
- 抗炎效应：有助于减轻炎症反应，缓解症状。
- 心血管保护：可能通过多种机制改善心脑血管健康。
- 抗癌潜力：研究表明某些黄酮类物质具有抑制肿瘤生长的能力。
作为一种天然色素和抗氧化剂，被广泛应用于食品加工中以提高其保质期及营养价值。
化妆品行业利用其良好的生物相容性和抗衰老特性，在化妆品配方中应用广泛。
药物开发由于黄酮类化合物展现出广泛的药理活性，已成为新药研发的重要候选目标之一。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (<i>S</i>)-7-acetoxy-2-(4-acetoxy-phenyl)-5-hydroxy-chroman-4-one | 18196-13-9 | C19H16O7 |
|
| —— | myricetin 3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside | 15648-86-9 | C21H20O13 |
|
| —— | Myricetin-3-glucosid | 15648-86-9 | C21H20O13 |
|
| —— | quercetin-3-O-α-L-pyranoside | 482-35-9 | C21H20O12 |
|
| —— | isoquercitrin | 482-35-9 | C21H20O12 |
|
| —— | 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one | 482-35-9 | C21H20O12 |
|
| —— | Hirsutrin | 482-35-9 | C21H20O12 |
|
| —— | Quercetin-galactosid | 482-35-9 | C21H20O12 |
|
| —— | quercetin-3-O-(6-O-feruloyl-b-D-glucopyranosyl)-(12)-b-D-galactopyranosyl-(12)-b-D-glucopyranoside | 482-35-9 | C21H20O12 |
|
| —— | (+/-)-trans-α-toxicarol | 82-09-7 | C23H22O7 |
|
| —— | [6-[5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxochromen-3-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-5-[(E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]oxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl] (E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate | 205534-17-4 | C39H32O14 |
|
| —— | Escin | 6805-41-0 | C55H86O24 |
|
| —— | Kaempferol-3,7-dirhamnosid | 482-38-2 | C27H30O14 |
|
| —— | (+)-Chamaechromone | 93413-00-4 | C30H22O10 |
|
| —— | 6-[[9-acetyloxy-8-hydroxy-4,8a-bis(hydroxymethyl)-4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-hexamethyl-10-[(E)-2-methylbut-2-enoyl]oxy-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-4-hydroxy-3,5-bis[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]oxane-2-carboxylic acid | 6805-41-0 | C55H86O24 |
|
| —— | (+/-)-eriodictyol 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside | 38965-51-4 | C21H22O11 |
|
| —— | (3R)-2,5-dihydroxy-7-methoxyspiro[2H-1-benzopyran-3(4H), 5'(6'H)-cyclobuta[f][1,3]benzodioxol]-4-one | 52096-50-1 | C18H14O7 |
|
| —— | α-Isowigtheon | 65388-03-6 | C20H18O5 |
|
| —— | Pinobanksin-3,7-diacetat | 103553-98-6 | C19H16O7 |
|
| —— | (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(4S,6aR,6bS,8R,8aR,9R,10R,14bR)-9-acetyloxy-8-hydroxy-4,8a-bis(hydroxymethyl)-4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-hexamethyl-10-(2-methylbut-2-enoyloxy)-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-4-hydroxy-3,5-bis[[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]oxane-2-carboxylic acid | 6805-41-0 | C55H86O24 |
|
| —— | 6-Methoxytaxifolin | 31076-39-8 | C16H14O8 |
|
| —— | (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(3S,4S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8R,8aR,9R,10R,12aS,14aR,14bR)-9-acetyloxy-8-hydroxy-4,8a-bis(hydroxymethyl)-4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-hexamethyl-10-(2-methylbut-2-enoyloxy)-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-4-hydroxy-3,5-bis[[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]oxane-2-carboxylic acid | 6805-41-0 | C55H86O24 |
|
| —— | 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-[(3S,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one | 38965-51-4 | C21H22O11 |
|
| —— | andrographidine E | 113963-41-0 | C24H26O11 |
|
| —— | isoengeletin | 572-31-6 | C21H22O10 |
|
| —— | Carthamin | 36338-96-2 | C43H42O22 |
|
| —— | Eriodictyol-7-glucoside | 38965-51-4 | C21H22O11 |
|
| —— | kaempferol 3-O-rhamnoside 7-O-rhamnoside | 482-38-2 | C27H30O14 |
|
| —— | (+)-catechine 7-O-β-D-xylopyranoside | 42830-48-8 | C20H22O10 |
|
| —— | hyperin | 482-35-9 | C21H20O12 |
|
| —— | quercitrin | 522-12-3 | C21H20O11 |
|
| —— | 3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavone 3-O-arabogluocopyranoside | 572-30-5 | C20H18O11 |
|
| —— | hesperetin 7-O-β-D-glucoside | 2500-68-7 | C22H24O11 |
|
| —— | Rutosid | 153-18-4 | C27H30O16 |
|
| —— | 7,4′-di-O-methylquercetin-3-O-beta-rutinoside | 20188-85-6 | C29H34O16 |
|
| —— | Quercetin-3-rhamnoglucosid, Rutin | 153-18-4 | C27H30O16 |
|
| —— | rutin | 153-18-4 | C27H30O16 |
|
| —— | Quercetin-3-rutinosid | 153-18-4 | C27H30O16 |
|
| —— | Rutin | 153-18-4 | C27H30O16 |
|
| —— | quercetin-3-O-(6-rhamnosyl)glucoside | 153-18-4 | C27H30O16 |
|
| —— | isorhamnetin 3-β-D-galactopyranoside | 5041-82-7 | C22H22O12 |
|
| —— | silybin B | 65666-07-1 | C25H22O10 |
|
| —— | Kaempferitrin | 482-38-2 | C27H30O14 |
|
| —— | Myricetin-3-rhamnosid | 17912-87-7 | C21H20O12 |
|
| —— | luteolin 7-O-glucoside | 38965-51-4 | C21H22O11 |
|
| —— | quercetin-3-O-glucoside | 482-35-9 | C21H20O12 |
|
| —— | isorhamnetin 3-glucoside | 5041-82-7 | C22H22O12 |
|
| —— | 3-{4-[(4S,5S,3R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)(2H-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyran-2-yloxy)]phenyl}-5,7-dihydroxychromen-4-one | 152-95-4 | C21H20O10 |
|
| —— | Genistein-4'-glucosid | 152-95-4 | C21H20O10 |
|
| —— | kaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside | 482-38-2 | C27H30O14 |
|
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