Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid-Protein Adducts: Potential Non-invasive Biomarkers of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid-Induced Liver Toxicity and Exposure
作者:Qingsu Xia、Yuewei Zhao、Ge Lin、Frederick A. Beland、Lining Cai、Peter P. Fu
DOI:10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00120
日期:2016.8.15
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are phytochemicals present in hundreds of plant species from different families widely distributed in many geographical regions around the world. PA-containing plants are probably the most common type of poisonous plants affecting livestock, wildlife, and humans. There have been many large-scale human poisonings caused by the consumption of food contaminated with toxic PAs. PAs require metabolic activation to generate pyrrolic metabolites to exert their toxicity. In this study, we developed a novel method to quantify pyrrole-protein adducts present in the blood. This method involves the use of AgNO3 in acidic ethanol to cleave the thiol linkage of pyrrole-protein (DHP-protein) adducts, and the resulting 7,9-di-C2H5O–DHP is quantified by HPLC-ES-MS/MS multiple reaction monitoring analysis in the presence of a known quantity of isotopically labeled 7,9-di-C2D5O–DHP internal standard. Using this method, we determined that diester-type PAs administered to rats produced higher levels of DHP-protein adducts than other types of PAs. The results suggest that DHP-protein adducts can potentially serve as minimally invasive biomarkers of PA exposure.
吡咯烷生物碱(PA)是一种植物化学物质,存在于数百种不同科属的植物中,广泛分布于世界各地。含PA的植物可能是影响牲畜、野生动物和人类的最常见有毒植物。食用被有毒PA污染的食物会导致许多大规模的人体中毒事件。PA需要代谢激活才能产生吡咯代谢物,从而发挥其毒性。在这项研究中,我们开发了一种新的方法来量化血液中存在的吡咯-蛋白质加合物。该方法包括在酸性乙醇中使用AgNO3来切割吡咯-蛋白质(DHP-蛋白质)加合物的硫醇键,然后在已知量的同位素标记的7,9-di-C2D5O–DHP内标存在下,通过HPLC-ES-MS/MS多重反应监测分析