The increasing prevalence of influenza viruses with resistance to approved antivirals highlights the need for new anti-influenza therapeutics. Here we describe the functional properties of hexamethylene amiloride (HMA)–derived compounds that inhibit the wild-type and adamantane-resistant forms of the influenza A M2 ion channel. For example, 6-(azepan-1-yl)- N -carbamimidoylnicotinamide ( 9 ) inhibits amantadine-sensitive M2 currents with 3- to 6-fold greater potency than amantadine or HMA (IC50 = 0.2 vs. 0.6 and 1.3 µ M, respectively). Compound 9 competes with amantadine for M2 inhibition, and molecular docking simulations suggest that 9 binds at site(s) that overlap with amantadine binding. In addition, tert -butyl 4′-(carbamimidoylcarbamoyl)-2′,3-dinitro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-carboxylate ( 27 ) acts both on adamantane-sensitive and a resistant M2 variant encoding a serine to asparagine 31 mutation (S31N) with improved efficacy over amantadine and HMA (IC50 = 0.6 µ M and 4.4 µ M, respectively). Whereas 9 inhibited in vitro replication of influenza virus encoding wild-type M2 (EC50 = 2.3 µ M), both 27 and tert -butyl 4′-(carbamimidoylcarbamoyl)-2′,3-dinitro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-carboxylate ( 26 ) preferentially inhibited viruses encoding M2(S31N) (respective EC50 = 18.0 and 1.5 µ M). This finding indicates that HMA derivatives can be designed to inhibit viruses with resistance to amantadine. Our study highlights the potential of HMA derivatives as inhibitors of drug-resistant influenza M2 ion channels.
对核准抗病毒药物产生耐药性的流感病毒日益增多,这凸显了开发新型抗流感药物的必要性。本文描述了六亚
甲基氨氯吡嗪(H
MA)衍
生物的功能特性,它们能抑制A型流感M2离子通道的野生型和
金刚烷胺耐药型。例如, 6-( 唑戊
吡嗪-1-
吡啦达)-N-甲甲喷达
吡嗪-
氨酸胺(9)对
金刚烷胺敏感的M2离子通道电流的抑制效力比
金刚烷胺或H
MA高3至6倍(IC50分别为0.2、0.6和1.3μM)。化合物9与
金刚烷胺竞争抑制M2, 分子对接模拟显示9结合在
金刚烷胺结合位点的重叠处。此外, 二(
伞形酮基羰基)-2',3-二硝基-[1,1'-
苄基]-4-
羧酸替丁
酯(27)既对敏感型M2有效, 也对编码
丝氨酸31突变为天冬
酰胺(S31N)的耐药型M2变种有效, 且效力优于
金刚烷胺和H
MA(IC50分别为0.6μM和4.4μM)。虽然9抑制了编码野生型M2的流感病毒的体外复制(
EC50=2.3μM), 但27和二(
伞形酮基羰基)-2',3-二硝基-[1,1'-
苄基]-4-
羧酸替丁
酯(26)更倾向于抑制编码M2(S31N)的病毒(各自的
EC50分别为18.0和1.5μM)。这一发现表明,可以设计H
MA衍
生物来抑制
金刚烷胺耐药的病毒。我们的研究强调了H
MA衍
生物作为耐药性流感M2离子通道
抑制剂的潜力。