Ring opening [3 + 2] cyclization of azaoxyallyl cations with benzo[d]isoxazoles: Efficient access to 2-hydroxyaryl-oxazolines
作者:Yicheng He、Chao Pi、Yangjie Wu、Xiuling Cui
DOI:10.1016/j.cclet.2019.09.025
日期:2020.2
Abstract A selective ring-opening [3 + 2] cyclization reaction of benzo[d]isoxazoles with 2-bromo-propanamides has been developed. The azaoxyallyl cation intermediates are employed as C∼O 3-atom synthon to build oxa-heterocycles via the selectivity of suitable cyclization partners. This transformation provides rapid access to highly functionalized 2-hydroxyaryl-oxazolines under mild conditions and
Bioinspired Iron-Catalyzed Dehydration of Aldoximes to Nitriles: A General N–O Redox-Cleavage Method
作者:Hongjie Gao、Jia-Yi Chen、Zhiqiang Peng、Lei Feng、Chen-Ho Tung、Wenguang Wang
DOI:10.1021/acs.joc.2c01122
日期:2022.8.19
Inspired by OxdA that operates biocatalytic aldoximedehydration, we have developed an efficient iron catalyst, Cp*Fe(1,2-Cy2PC6H4O) (1), which rapidly converts various aliphatic and aromatic aldoximes to nitriles with release of H2O at room temperature. The catalysis involves redox activation of the N–O bond by a 1e– transfer from the iron catalyst to the oxime. Such redox-mediated N–O cleavage was
受操作生物催化醛肟脱水的 OxdA 的启发,我们开发了一种高效的铁催化剂 Cp*Fe(1,2-Cy 2 PC 6 H 4 O) ( 1 ),它可以将各种脂肪族和芳香族醛肟快速转化为腈,同时释放H 2 O 在室温下。催化涉及通过 1e 对 N-O 键的氧化还原活化-从铁催化剂转移到肟。这种氧化还原介导的 N-O 裂解通过从酮肟底物的反应中分离出亚氨基亚铁中间体来证明。这种铁催化的无受体脱水方法代表了制备腈的一般方法,它还通过催化 Kemp 消除反应提供水杨腈。
Utility of Nitrogen Extrusion of Azido Complexes for the Synthesis of Nitriles, Benzoxazoles, and Benzisoxazoles
The utility of the nitrogen extrusion reaction of azido complexes, generated in situ from the corresponding aldehydes or ketones with TMSN3 in the presence of ZrCl4 or TfOH, has been described. These azido complexes could undergo three different pathways, depending on the substrates. First, azido methanolate complexes or imine diazonium ions could lead to benzisoxazole products via an intramolecular nucleophilic substitution. Second, imine diazonium ions could also undergo either the elimination of proton to provide nitrile products in good to excellent yields or an aryl migration, followed by an intramolecular nucleophilic addition, to give benzoxazole products in good yields.
Isoxazole derivatives for use as cerebro-active drugs and central muscle relaxants
申请人:Sankyo Company Limited
公开号:EP0335723B1
公开(公告)日:1991-12-04
On the Magnitude and Specificity of Medium Effects in Enzyme-like Catalysts for Proton Transfer
作者:Florian Hollfelder、Anthony J. Kirby、Dan S. Tawfik
DOI:10.1021/jo015723v
日期:2001.8.1
Medium effects are normally studied by comparing the rates of reactions in different solvents. However, medium effects at the active site of enzymes differ dramatically from bulk solvents, both in their diversity (the presence of more than one type of "solvent") and in their spatial arrangement. We describe medium effects in a simple catalytic system, obtained by systematic alkylation of a polymeric scaffold bearing amine groups to give synzymes that catalyze the Kemp elimination of benzisoxazoles with remarkable efficiency. Our analysis indicates that catalysis by these synzymes is driven primarily by specific, localized enzyme-like medium effects, and these effects seem to differ dramatically from the nonspecific medium effects (i.e., desolvation activation) exhibited by solvents. Ligand-binding studies indicate that the synzyme active sites provide localized microenvironments affording a combination of hydrophobic and apolar regions on one hand and dipolar, protic, and positively charged on the other. Such localized microenivronments are not available in bulk solvents. A Bronsted (leaving group) analysis indicates that, in comparison to solvent catalysis, the efficiency of synzyme catalysis shows little sensitivity to leaving group pK(a). We show that enzyme-like medium effects alone, in the absence of efficient positioning of the catalytic amine base relative to the substrate, can give rise to rate accelerations as high as 10(5), for both activated and nonactivated substrates. Supported by the accidental identification of active sites on the surfaces of noncatalytic proteins and the promiscuous activities found in many enzymes, our findings suggest that the interfaces of protein surfaces and their hydrophobic cores provide a microenvironment that is intrinsically active and may serve as a basis for further evolutionary improvements to give proficient and selective enzymes.