antimony trioxide

• 分子结构分类: 无机化合物 - 混合金属/非金属化合物 - 类金属有机物
• 英文名称: antimony trioxide
• 化学式: O₃Sb₂
• 分子量: 291.498
• InChiKey: ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -1.07
• 重原子数：
  5
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.0
• 拓扑面积：
  43.4
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  3

ADMET

代谢

锑在人体内广泛分布。头发和皮肤含有最高的锑水平。肾上腺、肺、大肠、气管、小脑和肾脏也含有相对较高的锑。血液是将吸收的锑运输到身体各个组织隔室的主要载体。锑是一种金属，因此不会发生分解代谢。锑可以与巯基和磷酸共价相互作用，以及与许多内源性配体（例如，蛋白质）进行可逆的绑定相互作用。目前尚不清楚这些相互作用在毒理学上是否具有重要意义。锑通过尿液和粪便排出。部分粪便中的锑可能代表未被吸收的锑，这些锑通过粘液纤毛活动从肺部清除到食管，再进入胃肠道。（L741）

Antimony is widely distributed throughout the body. The hair and skin contain the highest levels of antimony. The adrenal glands, lung, large intestine, trachea, cerebellum, and kidneys also contain relatively high levels of antimony. Blood is the main vehicle for the transport of absorbed antimony to various tissue compartments of the body. Antimony is a metal and, therefore, does not undergo catabolism. Antimony can covalently interact with sulfhydryl groups and phosphate, as well as numerous reversible binding interactions with endogenous ligands (e.g., proteins). It is not known if these interactions are toxicologically significant. Antimony is excreted via the urine and feces. Some of the fecal antimony may represent unabsorbed antimony that is cleared from the lung via mucociliary action into the esophagus to the gastrointestinal tract. (L741)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

吸入数据表明心肌是锑中毒的目标。锑可能通过干扰糖原分解和糖异生途径的酶来影响循环中的葡萄糖。锑的作用机制尚不清楚。然而，一些研究表明，锑与巯基团结合，包括那些对组织呼吸重要的几种酶中的巯基团。BAL的解毒作用取决于其防止或打断锑与关键酶结合的能力。此外，死亡原因被认为与急性砷中毒基本相同。锑三氧化物中毒可导致血清丙氨酸转氨酶和天冬氨酸转氨酶活性增加。锑三氧化物的作用机制仍然不清楚。

The inhalation data suggest that the myocardium is a target of antimony toxicity. It is possible that antimony affects circulating glucose by interfering with enzymes of the glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis pathways. The mechanism of action of antimony remains unclear. However, some studies suggest that antimony combines with sulfhydryl groups including those in several enzymes important for tissue respiration. The antidotal action of BAL depends on its ability to prevent or break the union between antimony and vital enzymes. Moreover, the The cause of death is believed to be essentially the same as that in acute arsenic poisoning. Antimony trioxide poisoning can lead to increased serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities. The mechanism of action of antimony trioxide remains unclear (T18, L741, A238)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

2B，可能对人类有致癌性。

2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans. (L135)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 健康影响

皮肤接触锑可以导致锑斑（围绕汗腺和皮脂腺的丘疹和脓疱）。锑中毒还可能导致肺尘埃沉着病。吸入锑可能导致肺部功能改变和其他影响，包括慢性支气管炎、慢性肺气肿、活动性肺结核、胸膜粘连和刺激。锑中毒还可能导致血压升高。心肌抑制、血管扩张和体液流失可能导致低血压、电解质紊乱和急性肾衰竭的休克。脑水肿、昏迷、抽搐和死亡也是可能的。（L741）

Dermal exposure to antimony can cause antimony spots (papules and pustules around sweat and sebaceous glands). Antimony poisoning can also lead to pneumoconiosis. Alterations in pulmonary function and other effects including chronic bronchitis, chronic emphysema, inactive tuberculosis, pleural adhesions, and irritation can result from inhalation of antimony. Increased blood pressure can also result from antimony poisoning. Myocardial depression, vasodilation and fluid loss may cause shock with hypotension, electrolyte disturbances and acute renal failure. Cerebral oedema, coma, convulsions, and death are possible. (L741)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 暴露途径

吸入（L741）；口服（L741）；皮肤给药（L741）

Inhalation (L741) ; oral (L741) ; dermal (L741)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 症状

腹部疼痛、呕吐、腹泻可能是由吸入锑引起的。呼吸困难、头痛、呕吐、咳嗽、结膜炎和鼻出血脓性分泌物可能是由吸入暴露引起的。皮肤或眼睛接触可能会导致暴露表面疼痛和发红。（T64, L741）

Abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea can result from inhalation of antimony. Dyspnea, headache, vomiting,cough, conjunctivitis, and bloody purulent discharge from nose can result from inhalation exposure. Skin or eye contact can cause pain and redness of the exposed surface. (T64, L741)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  antimony trioxide 生成 二氧化硒
  参考文献：
  名称：

  JOSIDA, XIDEHNORI;OTOMO, MASUO;MIDZOGUTI, YUITI

  摘要：

  DOI：
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  三氯化锑 生成 antimony trioxide
  参考文献：
  名称：

  NISHIKURA, HIROSHI;YAMAMOTO, SHIN;TERAO, YUKIO

  摘要：

  DOI：
• 作为试剂：
  描述：

  对氯苯胺 、 苯甲酰氯 在 antimony trioxide 作用下， 以 二氯甲烷 为溶剂， 反应 2.0h， 以78%的产率得到2-氨基-5-氯二苯甲酮
  参考文献：
  名称：

  一种2-氨基-5-氯二苯甲酮的合成方法

  摘要：

  本发明涉及有机合成技术领域，特别涉及一种2‑氨基‑5‑氯二苯甲酮的合成方法，其利用对氯苯胺和苯甲酰氯发生傅克酰基化反应制备2‑氨基‑5‑氯二苯甲酮，但是，使该反应能够在自然条件下进行，无需严格要求无水条件。其技术方案要点包括S1：将对氯苯胺与苯甲酰氯添加至反应釜中混合均匀；S2：继续向反应釜中加入催化剂三氧化二钇，混合均匀，并保持空气流通畅；S3：控制反应釜内温度稳定，使反应正常进行；S4：待反应结束，向反应釜内加入硝酸溶液，搅拌混合均匀；S5：静置，待体系分层，去除上层液体；S6：将下层液体进行回流反应，并进行结晶处理得到产品。

  公开号：

  CN109456208A

文献信息

• Synthesis and Characterization of the New Series of Chromium−Group 15 Hydride Complexes [Et₄N]₂[HE{Cr(CO)₅}₃] (E = As, Sb)
  作者：Jiann-Jang Cherng、Gene-Hsiang Lee、Shie-Ming Peng、Chuen-Her Ueng、Minghuey Shieh

  DOI：10.1021/om990717z

  日期：2000.2.1

  The new series of trigonal-pyramidal chromium complexes [HECr(CO)5}3]2- (E = As (Ia), Sb (Ib)) were obtained from the reactions of E2O3 (E = As, Sb) with Cr(CO)6 in concentrated KOH methanolic solution. These are the first examples of group 6 complexes containing E−H fragments (E = As, Sb), and the hydrogens are shown to be more hydridic than those in the related iron complexes due to the more electropositive

  新系列三角锥型铬配合物[HE 的Cr（CO）5 } 3 ] 2 -（E =如（IA），锑（磅））购自E的反应得到的2 ö 3（E =如， Sb）和Cr（CO）6在浓KOH甲醇溶液中的混合溶液。这些是含有EH片段（E = As，Sb）的第6族配合物的第一个例子，并且由于Cr具有更强的正电性，因此氢比相关铁配合物中的氢更具有亲水性。
• Controlling Nucleation and Crystal Growth of a Distinct Polyoxovanadate Cluster: An In Situ Energy Dispersive X-ray Diffraction Study under Solvothermal Conditions
  作者：Elena Antonova、Beatrix Seidlhofer、Jing Wang、Michael Hinz、Wolfgang Bensch

  DOI：10.1002/chem.201202107

  日期：2012.11.26

  studied under solvothermal conditions by using in situ energy dispersive X‐ray diffraction (EDRXD). The syntheses were performed with an identical ratio for Sb2O3 and NH4VO3. If the reactions slurries are not stirred during the solvothermal reaction and by applying 70–75 % amine concentration, the products contain all three compounds, whereas 3 is observed at 80 %. Under stirring conditions, variation

  所述antimonato钒氧的形成[V 14的Sb 8（C 6 H ^ 15 Ñ 3）4 Ô 42（H 2 O）] ⋅ 4H 2 O（1），（C 6 H ^ 17 Ñ 3）2 [V 15的Sb 6（C 6 H ^ 15 ñ 3）2 Ô 42（H 2 O）] ⋅ 2.5H 2 O（2），C 6 ħ15 N 3 } 4 [V 16 Sb 4 O 42 ] 2H 2 O（3）（C 6 H 15 N 3 = 1-（2-氨基乙基）哌嗪，AEP）已通过溶剂热条件下的原位能量色散研究X射线衍射（EDRXD）。对于Sb 2 O 3和NH 4 VO 3，以相同的比例进行合成。如果在溶剂热反应过程中未搅拌反应浆液，并采用70-75％的胺浓度，则产物将包含所有三种化合物，而3以80％观察到。下搅拌条件，AEP的浓度变化导致在不同浓度下的三个不同的化合物，也就是结晶，1为75％时，形成1和2和80之间的75％和3％，在80。在胺浓度为77
• Crystal structure, vibrational spectra, optical and DFT studies of bis (3-azaniumylpropyl) azanium pentachloroantimonate (III) chloride monohydrate (C 6 H 20 N 3 )SbCl 5 ·Cl·H 2 O
  作者：Houssem Eddine Ahmed、Slaheddine Kamoun

  DOI：10.1016/j.saa.2017.04.059

  日期：2017.9

  The crystal structure of (C6H20N3)SbCl5·Cl·H2O is built up of [NH3(CH2)3NH2(CH2)3NH3]3 + cations, [SbCl5]2 − anions, free Cl− anions and neutral water molecules connected together by NH ⋯ Cl, NH ⋯ O and OH ⋯ Cl hydrogen bonds. The optical band gap determined by diffuse reflection spectroscopy (DRS) is 3.78 eV for a direct allowed transition. Optimized molecular geometry, atomic Mulliken charges, harmonic

  （C 6 H 20 N 3）SbCl 5 ·Cl·H 2 O的晶体结构由[NH 3（CH 2）3 NH 2（CH 2）3 NH 3 ] 3 +阳离子，[SbCl 5 ]构成。2 -阴离子，游离氯-阴离子和中性的水分子由N个连接在一起ħ⋯氯，N ħ⋯O和OH⋯Cl氢键。对于直接允许的跃迁，通过漫反射光谱法（DRS）确定的光学带隙为3.78 eV。优化了（C 6 H 20 N 3）SbCl 5 ·Cl·H 2的分子几何结构，原子Mulliken电荷，谐波振动频率，HOMO-LUMO和相关的分子性质通过B3LYP方法和GenECP集，通过密度泛函理论（DFT）计算O化合物。计算得到的结构参数（粘结长度和角度）与实验XRD数据非常吻合。计算了未按比例缩放的振动波数，并按适当的比例因子0.984对其进行了缩放。在计算结果和实验结果之间观察到可接受的一致性。波数的分配是使用振动能量分布分析（VEDA）
• Oxidation and ammoxidation catalysts
  申请人：Monsanto Company

  公开号：US04405498A1

  公开（公告）日：1983-09-20

  Disclosed herein are catalysts useful for oxidation and ammoxidation of hydrocarbons. Such catalysts have the empirical formula BiMo.sub.a V.sub.b Sb.sub.c M.sub.d O.sub.x wherein a is 0.5-2, b is 0.12-3, c is 0.12-10, d is 0-0.5 and x is selected to satisfy the valence requirements of the other elements present. In such catalysts, M is one or more elements selected from Groups I-A, II-A, III-A, V-A, VI-A, I-B, IV-B, VI-B and VII-B of the Periodic Table. Catalysts according to the invention are prepared by forming a slurry of vanadium antimonate component, a bismuth molybdate component, and optionally the compound M and/or a support material, drying the slurry, and calcining to form the catalyst. Such catalysts are specifically useful for production of acrylonitrile from propylene, ammonia and an oxygen-containing gas.

  本文揭示了用于氢氧化和氨氧化碳氢化合物的催化剂。这样的催化剂具有经验公式BiMo.sub.aV.sub.bSb.sub.cM.sub.dO.sub.x，其中a为0.5-2，b为0.12-3，c为0.12-10，d为0-0.5，x被选为满足其他元素的价需求。在这样的催化剂中，M是周期表的I-A，II-A，III-A，V-A，VI-A，I-B，IV-B，VI-B和VII-B组中选择的一个或多个元素。根据本发明制备的催化剂通过形成钒锑酸盐组分、铋钼酸盐组分和/或化合物M和/或支撑材料的浆料，干燥该浆料并焙烧以形成催化剂。这样的催化剂特别适用于从丙烯、氨和含氧气体生产丙烯腈。
• Oxidization catalyst for alkylbenzene and method for producing aromatic aldehyde
  申请人：NIPPON SHOKUBAI CO., LTD.

  公开号：US20020188159A1

  公开（公告）日：2002-12-12

  The present invention provide a catalyst capable of producing an aromatic aldehyde by gas-phase oxidation of the corresponding alkylbenzene in the presence of a molecular oxygen in high yield, and a method of producing an aromatic aldehyde from the corresponding alkylbenzene in high yield by using the above catalyst. An alkylbenzene oxidation catalyst for the production of an aromatic aldehyde by gas-phase oxidation of the corresponding alkylbenzene in the presence of a molecular oxygen, which comprises tungsten and antimony plus an oxide of at least one metal species selected from the group consisting of niobium, tantalum, zirconium, and titanium or a composite oxide of two or more metal species selected from said group.

  本发明提供了一种催化剂，可在分子氧存在下通过气相氧化相应的烷基苯高产率地生产芳香醛，并提供了一种使用上述催化剂从相应的烷基苯高产率地生产芳香醛的方法。所述烷基苯氧化催化剂包括钨和锑以及至少选择自铌、钽、锆和钛的一种金属种类的氧化物或两种或两种以上所述金属种类的复合氧化物，用于在分子氧存在下通过气相氧化相应的烷基苯生产芳香醛。

表征谱图