由于其预期的生物活性而属于第三代设计的离子液体是具有作为植物保护产品的高潜在应用的化合物。本研究描述了基于 1,4-二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷 (DABCO) 的烷基衍生物和源自天然壬酸的阴离子的新型离子液体的合成和表征。开发的合成方法可以获得高产率(≥96%)的产品,并且液体在室温下被表征为高粘度液体。这允许将产品分类为离子液体 (IL)。所得离子液体的结构基于它们的核磁共振和红外光谱以及元素分析得到证实。所有产品都表现出表面活性并能够部分润湿疏水表面。测试的离子液体对冬油菜表现出更高的除草活性(与温室研究中的商业制剂相比,Brassica napus L.) 和普通的lambsquarters ( Chenopodium album L.) 的剂量较低。所研究的离子液体作为拒食剂对各种昆虫也表现出不同的作用。对属于粮仓象鼻虫物种 ( Sitophilus granarius L.)
The Phase Transition of 1,4-Dialkyl-1,4-diazoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane Dibromides, C<i><sub>n</sub></i>–DABCO–C<sub><i>n</i>+2</sub>–Br
作者:Kengo Imamura、Jun Shimizu、Takashi Nogami
DOI:10.1246/bcsj.59.2699
日期:1986.9
The phase transition of 1,4-dialkyl-1,4-diazoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane dibromide (diquaternary salt) in which the difference in the carbon numbers of the two alkyl groups is two, was studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry, infrared absorption spectroscopy, and a study of the bromide-anion conductivities. DSC measurements revealed the existence of the metastable phase. The conversion rate from the metastable phase to the stable phase was too slow to be followed. The phase transition could be explained by the free energy-temperature relation. The temperature-dependence of the infrared absorption spectra showed that the band progressions due to two different alkyl chains disappeared at the transition temperature. This shows that the trans-zigzag conformation in the low-temperature phase is destroyed by the conformational change of the alkyl chain at the transition temperature. The free energy-temperature relation was also confirmed by the IR spectra. Discontinuous increases in the bromide-anion conductivities were observed at the transition temperatures. The conductivity jump was explained by the voids caused by the conformational change in the alkyl chain.
Cationic lipids have long been known to serve as antibacterial and antifungal agents. Prior efforts with attachment of cationic lipids to carbohydrate-based surfaces have suggested the possibility that carbohydrate-attached cationic lipids might serve as antibacterial and antifungal pharmaceutical agents. Toward the understanding of this possibility, we have synthesized several series of cationic lipids attached to a variety of glycosides with the intent of generating antimicrobial agents that would meet the requirement for serving as a pharmaceutical agent, specifically that the agent be effective at a very low concentration as well as being biodegradable within the organism being treated. The initial results of our approach to this goal are presented.
Synthesis and structure–activity relationship of novel 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane derivatives as potent antimicrobial agents
作者:Lyubov A. Yarinich、Ekaterina A. Burakova、Boris A. Zakharov、Elena V. Boldyreva、Irina N. Babkina、Nina V. Tikunova、Vladimir N. Silnikov
DOI:10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.03.033
日期:2015.5
A series of new quaternary 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octanederivatives was synthesized and evaluated for activity against several strains of both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria and one strain of fungus under different inoculum size. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against six species of microorganisms were tested. Results show a clear structure–activity
合成了一系列新的1,4-二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷季铵衍生物,并评估了在不同接种量下对革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性细菌的几种菌株以及一种真菌的活性。测试了针对六种微生物的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC)。结果表明,在1,4-二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷叔胺位点的取代烷基链长度与抗菌活性之间存在明确的结构-活性关系。对于化合物4a - 4k,发现MIC随着烷基链长从乙基到十二烷基的增加而降低,然后在更高的链长处增加(n> 14)。发现化合物的MIC值低4f和4g烷基链的长度为10至12个碳原子(1.6μg/ ml),与参考药物环丙沙星相当。另外,进行了时间杀灭试验以检验杀菌动力学。结果表明4f和4g对金黄色葡萄球菌具有快速杀灭作用,并在10 h g / ml的浓度下于2.5 h内消除了100%的初始细菌接种物。此外,化合物4g消除了Ps初始接种物的99.9%以上。铜绿假单胞菌经过2
Long‐Chain Ionic Liquids Based on Monoquaternary DABCO Cations and TFSI Anions: Towards Stable Electrolytes for Electrochemical Capacitors
alkyl substituent in the bicyclic cation. The structure of the compounds was confirmed by spectroscopic methods and elemental analysis. All compounds were soluble in the main solvents except water and hexane. The solubility in organic solvents such as acetonitrile allowed the use of synthesized ILs in electrochemical capacitors. Electrochemical tests revealed that the ILs enhanced the conductivity of organic
ILs. There are known examples of biologically active compounds in the literature, the structure of which is based on a monoalkyl derivative of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO). In the framework of the presented study, an efficient three-step method was developed for the synthesis of novel bicyclic herbicidal ionic liquids in which an alky derivative of DABCO was used as the cation and the 4-ch