碘化铝 | 7784-23-8

• 物质功能分类: 无机化工 - 无机盐 - 金属卤化物及卤酸盐
• 分子结构分类: 无机化合物 - 混合金属/非金属化合物 - 后过渡金属盐
• 中文名称: 碘化铝
• 中文别名: 碘化铝 [7784-23-8]
• 英文名称: aluminium(III) iodide
• 英文别名: aluminum iodide；aluminum triiodide；aluminium iodide；aluminium triiodide；Aluminiumtriiodid；aluminum;triiodide
• CAS: 7784-23-8
• 化学式: AlI₃
• 分子量: 407.695
• InChiKey: CECABOMBVQNBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-K

物化性质

• 熔点：
  191 °C (lit.)
• 沸点：
  360 °C (lit.)
• 密度：
  3.98 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
• 闪点：
  360°C
• 溶解度：
  溶于乙醇、乙醚、二硫化碳
• 稳定性/保质期：
  如果按照规格使用和储存，则不会分解。应避免接触光、水分或潮湿空气。该物质吸湿性极强，在空气中会发烟，加热后会分解为碘及氧化铝。在真空中仅升华而不分解。它可溶于二硫化碳、乙醇、乙醚。此外，它还能与四氯化碳、联氨、光气等发生激烈反应，并可通过液氨制得AlI3·xNH3等溶剂合物。它还可能与硫化氢、二氧化硫、膦等生成溶剂合物。

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  2.28
• 重原子数：
  4
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.0
• 拓扑面积：
  0
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  0

ADMET

代谢

铝通过口服或吸入暴露后吸收不良，并且基本上不通过皮肤吸收。铝的生物利用度受到铝化合物的影响，以及饮食成分的存在，这些成分可以与铝形成络合物，增强或抑制其吸收。铝在血液中与各种配体结合，并分布到每个器官，其中在骨骼和肺组织中浓度最高。在生物体中，铝被认为存在四种不同形式：作为自由离子，作为低分子量络合物，作为物理结合的大分子络合物，以及作为共价结合的大分子络合物。吸收的铝主要通过尿液排出，其次是在胆汁中，而未吸收的铝则通过粪便排出。(L739)

Aluminum is poorly absorbed following either oral or inhalation exposure and is essentially not absorbed dermally. The bioavailability of aluminum is strongly influenced by the aluminum compound and the presence of dietary constituents which can complex with aluminum and enhance or inhibit its absorption. Aluminum binds to various ligands in the blood and distributes to every organ, with highest concentrations found in bone and lung tissues. In living organisms, aluminum is believed to exist in four different forms: as free ions, as low-molecular-weight complexes, as physically bound macromolecular complexes, and as covalently bound macromolecular complexes. Absorbed aluminum is excreted principally in the urine and, to a lesser extent, in the bile, while unabsorbed aluminum is excreted in the faeces. (L739)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

铝的主要靶器官是中枢神经系统和骨骼。铝与饮食中的磷结合，并影响胃肠道对磷的吸收。体内磷负荷的减少会导致骨软化（由于骨骼矿化缺陷导致的骨质疏松）和佝偻病。铝的神经毒性被认为涉及多种机制。细胞骨架蛋白功能的变化，如磷酸化、蛋白水解、运输和合成的改变，被认为是其中一个原因。铝可能通过影响血脑屏障的通透性、胆碱能活性、信号转导途径、脂质过氧化以及损害神经元谷氨酸一氧化氮-环磷酸鸟苷酸途径，以及由于类似的配位化学性质和随后的竞争性相互作用而干扰必需微量元素的代谢，从而诱导神经行为效应。有研究表明，铝与雌激素受体的相互作用增加了雌激素相关基因的表达，从而促进了乳腺癌的进展（A235），但研究尚未能够建立铝与乳腺癌风险增加之间的明确联系（A15468）。某些铝盐通过激活炎症小体来诱导免疫反应。（L739, A235, A236）

The main target organs of aluminum are the central nervous system and bone. Aluminum binds with dietary phosphorus and impairs gastrointestinal absorption of phosphorus. The decreased phosphate body burden results in osteomalacia (softening of the bones due to defective bone mineralization) and rickets. Aluminum's neurotoxicity is believed to involve several mechanisms. Changes in cytoskeletal protein functions as a results of altered phosphorylation, proteolysis, transport, and synthesis are believed to be one cause. Aluminum may induce neurobehavioral effects by affecting permeability of the blood-brain barrier, cholinergic activity, signal transduction pathways, lipid peroxidation, and impair neuronal glutamate nitric oxide-cyclic GMP pathway, as well as interfere with metabolism of essential trace elements because of similar coordination chemistries and consequent competitive interactions. It has been suggested that aluminum's interaction with estrogen receptors increases the expression of estrogen-related genes and thereby contributes to the progression of breast cancer (A235), but studies have not been able to establish a clear link between aluminum and increased risk of breast cancer (A15468). Certain aluminum salts induce immune responses by activating inflammasomes. (L739, A235, A236)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

未列入国际癌症研究机构(IARC)名录。国际癌症研究机构将铝生产归类为对人类致癌(第1组)，但并未将铝本身视为人类致癌物。(L135)有人提出铝制止汗剂的使用与乳腺癌风险增加之间存在关联(A235)，但研究并未能确立明确的联系(A15468)。

Not listed by IARC. IARC classified aluminum production as carcinogenic to humans (Group 1), but did not implicate aluminum itself as a human carcinogen. (L135) A link between use of aluminum-containing antiperspirants and increased risk of breast cancer has been proposed (A235), but studies have not been able to establish a clear link (A15468).

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 健康影响

铝针对神经系统，导致神经系统性能下降，并与血脑屏障功能改变有关。体内铝的积累可能导致骨骼或脑部疾病。高水平的铝与阿尔茨海默病有关。少数人对铝过敏，在接触或摄入含有铝的产品时，会经历接触性皮炎、消化紊乱、呕吐或其他症状。

Aluminum targets the nervous system and causes decreased nervous system performance and is associated with altered function of the blood-brain barrier. The accumulation of aluminum in the body may cause bone or brain diseases. High levels of aluminum have been linked to Alzheimer's disease. A small percentage of people are allergic to aluminium and experience contact dermatitis, digestive disorders, vomiting or other symptoms upon contact or ingestion of products containing aluminium. (L739, L740)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 暴露途径

口服（L739）；吸入（L739）

Oral (L739) ; inhalation (L739)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 症状

吸入铝尘会导致咳嗽和胸部X光异常。一小部分人对铝过敏，在接触或摄入含有铝的产品时，会经历接触性皮炎、消化系统紊乱、呕吐或其他症状。

Inhalating aluminum dust causes coughing and abnormal chest X-rays. A small percentage of people are allergic to aluminium and experience contact dermatitis, digestive disorders, vomiting or other symptoms upon contact or ingestion of products containing aluminium. (L739, L740)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

安全信息

• TSCA：
  Yes
• 危险等级：
  8
• 危险品标志：
  C
• 安全说明：
  S22,S26,S36/37/39,S45
• 危险类别码：
  R14,R34,R42/43,R40
• WGK Germany：
  3
• 危险品运输编号：
  UN 3260 8/PG 2
• 包装等级：
  II
• 危险类别：
  8
• 危险标志：
  GHS05,GHS07
• 危险性描述：
  H314,H317
• 危险性防范说明：
  P280,P305 + P351 + P338,P310
• 储存条件：
  在干性保护气体中处理，并将贮藏器密封。存放在紧密封装的容器中，并置于阴凉、干燥处保存。

SDS

Name:	Aluminum Iodide Anhydrous 99.999% Material Safety Data Sheet
Synonym:
CAS:	7784-23-8

Section 1 - Chemical Product MSDS Name:Aluminum Iodide Anhydrous 99.999% Material Safety Data Sheet
Synonym:

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Section 2 - COMPOSITION, INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS

CAS#	Chemical Name	content	EINECS#
7784-23-8	Aluminum Iodide	99.999	232-054-8

Hazard Symbols: C
Risk Phrases: 34

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Section 3 - HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION
EMERGENCY OVERVIEW
Causes burns.Light sensitive.Air sensitive.Water-reactive.
Potential Health Effects
Eye:
May cause eye irritation and possible burns.
Skin:
May cause severe skin irritation with possible burns, especially if skin is wet or moist.
Ingestion:
May cause severe gastrointestinal tract irritation with nausea, vomiting and possible burns.
Inhalation:
May cause severe respiratory tract irritation and possible burns.
Chronic:
Not available.

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Section 4 - FIRST AID MEASURES
Eyes: Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids. Get medical aid immediately. Do NOT allow victim to rub eyes or keep eyes closed.
Skin:
Get medical aid immediately. Immediately flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. Wash clothing before reuse. Destroy contaminated shoes.
Ingestion:
Do not induce vomiting. If victim is conscious and alert, give 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Get medical aid immediately.
Inhalation:
Get medical aid immediately. Remove from exposure and move to fresh air immediately. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Do NOT use mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.
Notes to Physician:

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Section 5 - FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES
General Information:
As in any fire, wear a self-contained breathing apparatus in pressure-demand, MSHA/NIOSH (approved or equivalent), and full protective gear. Reacts violently with water.
Extinguishing Media:
Use agent most appropriate to extinguish fire.

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Section 6 - ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
General Information: Use proper personal protective equipment as indicated in Section 8.
Spills/Leaks:
Absorb spill with inert material (e.g. vermiculite, sand or earth), then place in suitable container. Do not get water inside containers.

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Section 7 - HANDLING and STORAGE
Handling:
Wash thoroughly after handling. Remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse. Use only in a well-ventilated area. Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing. Do not ingest or inhale. Store protected from light. Store protected from air. Do not allow contact with water.
Storage:
Store in a cool, dry place. Store in a tightly closed container.
Store protected from light and air.

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Section 8 - EXPOSURE CONTROLS, PERSONAL PROTECTION
Engineering Controls:
Use adequate ventilation to keep airborne concentrations low.
Exposure Limits CAS# 7784-23-8: United Kingdom, WEL - TWA: (listed as aluminum, soluble salts): 2 mg/m3 TWA United Kingdom, WEL - STEL: (listed as aluminum, soluble salts): mg/m3 STEL Belgium - TWA: (listed as aluminum, soluble salts): 2 mg/m3 VLE ( Al) France - VME: (listed as aluminum, soluble salts): 2 mg/m3 VME Germany: (listed as aluminum, soluble salts): 2 mg/m3 VME Malaysia: (listed as aluminum, soluble salts): 2 mg/m3 TWA (as Al Spain: (listed as aluminum, soluble salts): 2 mg/m3 VLA-ED (as Al Personal Protective Equipment Eyes: Wear appropriate protective eyeglasses or chemical safety goggles as described by OSHA's eye and face protection regulations in 29 CFR 1910.133 or European Standard EN166.
Skin:
Wear appropriate protective gloves to prevent skin exposure.
Clothing:
Wear appropriate protective clothing to prevent skin exposure.
Respirators:
Follow the OSHA respirator regulations found in 29 CFR 1910.134 or European Standard EN 149. Use a NIOSH/MSHA or European Standard EN 149 approved respirator if exposure limits are exceeded or if irritation or other symptoms are experienced.

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Section 9 - PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Physical State: Lumps
Color: yellowish-black brown
Odor: Not available.
pH: Not available.
Vapor Pressure: Not available.
Viscosity: Not available.
Boiling Point: 360 deg C
Freezing/Melting Point: 191 deg C
Autoignition Temperature: Not available.
Flash Point: Not available.
Explosion Limits, lower: Not available.
Explosion Limits, upper: Not available.
Decomposition Temperature:
Solubility in water:
Specific Gravity/Density: 3.980
Molecular Formula: AlI3
Molecular Weight: 407.70

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Section 10 - STABILITY AND REACTIVITY
Chemical Stability:
Stable under normal temperatures and pressures. Combines vigorously with water with the evolution of heat.
Conditions to Avoid:
Light, exposure to air, exposure to moist air or water.
Incompatibilities with Other Materials:
Water.
Hazardous Decomposition Products:
Hydrogen iodide, aluminum oxide.
Hazardous Polymerization: Not available.

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Section 11 - TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
RTECS#:
CAS# 7784-23-8 unlisted.
LD50/LC50:
Not available.
Carcinogenicity:
Aluminum Iodide - Not listed by ACGIH, IARC, or NTP.

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Section 12 - ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION

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Section 13 - DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS
Dispose of in a manner consistent with federal, state, and local regulations.

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Section 14 - TRANSPORT INFORMATION

IATA
Shipping Name: CORROSIVE SOLID, ACIDIC, INORGANIC, N.O.S.*
Hazard Class: 8
UN Number: 3260
Packing Group: III
IMO
Shipping Name: CORROSIVE SOLID, ACIDIC, INORGANIC, N.O.S.
Hazard Class: 8
UN Number: 3260
Packing Group: III
RID/ADR
Shipping Name: CORROSIVE SOLID, ACIDIC, INORGANIC, N.O.S.
Hazard Class: 8
UN Number: 3260
Packing group: III

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Section 15 - REGULATORY INFORMATION

European/International Regulations
European Labeling in Accordance with EC Directives
Hazard Symbols: C
Risk Phrases:
R 34 Causes burns.
Safety Phrases:
S 25 Avoid contact with eyes.
S 36/37/39 Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves
and eye/face protection.
S 45 In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek
medical advice immediately (show the label where
possible).
WGK (Water Danger/Protection)
CAS# 7784-23-8: No information available.
Canada
CAS# 7784-23-8 is listed on Canada's DSL List.
CAS# 7784-23-8 is not listed on Canada's Ingredient Disclosure List.
US FEDERAL
TSCA
CAS# 7784-23-8 is listed on the TSCA inventory.

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SECTION 16 - ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
N/A

制备方法与用途

用途：在有机反应中用作催化剂。

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  碘化铝 以 吡啶 为溶剂， 以0%的产率得到氢化铝
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Zur Elektrochemie nichtw�sseriger L�sungen

  摘要：

  DOI：

  10.1007/bf01525396
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  aluminum triiodide dimer 以 neat (no solvent) 为溶剂， 生成 碘化铝
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Fischer, W.; Rahlfs, O., Zeitschrift fur anorganische Chemie, 1932, vol. 205, p. 31 - 31

  摘要：

  DOI：
• 作为试剂：
  描述：

  正丁基亚砜 在 碘化铝 作用下， 以 乙腈 为溶剂， 反应 1.0h， 以68.4%的产率得到二丁基硫醚
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Bhatt, Vivekananda M.; Babu, Ramesh J., Indian Journal of Chemistry - Section B Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, 1988, vol. 27, # 1-12, p. 259 - 260

  摘要：

  DOI：

文献信息

• The Aluminum–Nitrogen Bond in Monomeric Bis(amino)alanes: A Systematic Experimental Study of Bis(tetramethylpiperidino)alanes and Quantum Mechanical Calculations on the Model System (H2N)2AlY
  作者：Klaus Knabel、Ingo Krossing、Heinrich Nöth、Holger Schwenk-Kircher、Martin Schmidt-Amelunxen、Thomas Seifert

  DOI：10.1002/(sici)1099-0682(199808)1998:8<1095::aid-ejic1095>3.0.co;2-d

  日期：1998.8

  supporting tmp fragments. The results of a systematic anal. of the bonding parameters detd. for the tmp2AlY compds., combined with a quantum mech. study on model compds. (H2N)2AlY, not only reveal the presence of a highly polar Al-N bond, but at the same time rule out AlN-pp(p) bonding, in contrast to the situation in the analogous tmp2BY compds. The Al-N bond length depends on the acidic character of

  金属化亲核试剂 M(I)Y [Y = OR, SR, NR2, PR2, AsR2, CR3, Si(SiMe3)3, R = 有机基, H] 与双(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)铝的反应卤化物 [tmp2AlX, (X = Cl, Br, I)] 可以轻松获得各种 tmp2AlY 类型的双（氨基）铝烷。正如 27Al-NMR 光谱、质谱和 X 射线晶体结构检测所表明的，所有这些化合物均具有显着性。在固态、溶液中和气相中都是单体。即使是不常见的 Al-E 单键（E = Si、P、As 等）也被支持的 tmp 片段稳定。系统肛门的结果。键合参数 detd. 对于 tmp2AlY 化合物，结合了量子力学。对模型化合物的研究。(H2N)2AlY，不仅揭示了高极性 Al-N 键的存在，而且同时排除了 AlN-pp(p) 键，与类似的 tmp2BY compds 中的情况相反。Al-N 键长取决于质子物质
• Tetramethylpiperidine–Alane Adducts tmpH · AlX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) and tmpH · AlH2Cl: Synthesis, Solution Behavior, and X-ray Crystal Structures⋆
  作者：Ingo Krossing、Heinrich Nöth、Holger Schwenk-Kircher、Thomas Seifert、Christiane Tacke

  DOI：10.1002/(sici)1099-0682(199812)1998:12<1925::aid-ejic1925>3.0.co;2-u

  日期：1998.12

  6-Tetramethylpiperidine (tmpH) reacts smoothly with AlX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) and AlH2Cl.2THF to give the addn. compds. tmpH.AlX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) and tmpH.AlH2Cl, resp. These adducts of the secondary amine tmpH are stable and do not undergo intramol. elimination of HX or H2 with formation of the aminoalanes tmpAlX2 or tmpAl(H)Cl. In the solid state, tmpH.AlX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) and tmpH.AlH2Cl are tetracoordinated mol. adducts

  2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶 (tmpH) 与 AlX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) 和 AlH2Cl.2THF 顺利反应生成加成物。化合物。tmpH.AlX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) 和 tmpH.AlH2Cl，分别为 这些仲胺 tmpH 的加合物是稳定的，不会发生内摩尔。消除 HX 或 H2，形成氨基丙烷 tmpAlX2 或 tmpAl(H)Cl。在固态下，tmpH.AlX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) 和 tmpH.AlH2Cl 是四配位摩尔。加合物。虽然这对于 soln 也是如此。tmpH.AlX3 (X = Br, I) 和 tmpH.AlH2Cl，化合物。tmpH.AlCl3 以盐 [tmpAlCl3]-tmpH2 和加合物 tmpH.Al2Cl6 的形式溶解在 CH2Cl2 中，从其 NMR 光谱和条件可以看出。测量。这种行为得到了半经验 AM1 计算的支持。[在
• Synthese und Struktur von Vinamidinatodiiodalanen [1]
  作者：Norbert Kuhn、Stefan Fuchs、Manfred Steimann

  DOI：10.1002/1521-3749(200202)628:2<458::aid-zaac458>3.0.co;2-n

  日期：2002.2

  The diiodoalanes (C5H7R2N2)AlI2 [6; R = Me (a), Ph (c)] are obtained from the corresponding alanes (C5H7R2N2)AlH2 (5) and [Me3NH]I in good yields. (C5H7R2N2)AlI2 [6; R = iso-Pr (b)] is alternatively prepared, as well as 6a, from the corresponding vinamidine lithium compound C5H7R2NLi (8) and AlI3. (C5H7Me2N2)AlBr2 (9a) is formed according to both methods. The X-ray structures of 6a and 6b are reported

  二碘丙烷 (C5H7R2N2) AlI2 [6; R = Me (a), Ph (c)] 从相应的丙烷 (C5H7R2N2) AlH2 (5) 和 [Me3NH] I 以良好的产率获得。(C5H7R2N2) AlI2 [6; R = iso-Pr (b)] 以及 6a 由相应的联苯胺锂化合物 C5H7R2NLi(8) 和 AlI3 交替制备。(C5H7Me2N2)AlBr2(9a)根据两种方法形成。报道了 6a 和 6b 的 X 射线结构。
• Urokinase inhibitors
  申请人：Abbott Laboratories

  公开号：US06258822B1

  公开（公告）日：2001-07-10

  Compounds having the formula are inhibitors of urokinase and are useful in the treatment of diseases in which urokinase plays a role. Also disclosed are urokinase-inhibiting compositions and a method of inhibiting urokinase in a mammal.

  具有该公式的化合物是尿激酶的抑制剂，对于尿激酶在其中发挥作用的疾病的治疗是有用的。还公开了抑制尿激酶的组合物和在哺乳动物中抑制尿激酶的方法。
• Ukokinase inhibitors
  申请人：Abbott Laboratories

  公开号：US06284796B1

  公开（公告）日：2001-09-04

  Compounds having the formula are inhibitors of urokinase and are useful in the treatment of diseases in which urokinase plays a role. Also disclosed are urokinase-inhibiting compositions and a method of inhibiting urokinase in a mammal.

  具有该化学式的化合物是尿激酶的抑制剂，对于尿激酶在某些疾病治疗中起作用是有用的。还公开了抑制尿激酶的组合物和在哺乳动物中抑制尿激酶的方法。

表征谱图