Synthesis of Rhodamines from Fluoresceins Using Pd-Catalyzed C–N Cross-Coupling
摘要:
A unified, convenient, and efficient strategy for the preparation of rhodamines and N,N'-diacylated rhodamines has been developed. Fluorescein ditriflates were found to undergo palladium-catalyzed C-N cross-coupling with amines, amides, carbamates, and other nitrogen nucleophiles to provide direct access to known and novel rhodamine derivatives, including fluorescent dyes, quenchers, and latent fluorophores.
Synthesis of isomerically pure carboxylate- and sulfonate-substituted xanthene fluorophores
作者:Carolyn C. Woodroofe、Mi Hee Lim、Weiming Bu、Stephen J. Lippard
DOI:10.1016/j.tet.2005.01.024
日期:2005.3
fluorophores such as fluorescein and rhodamine are typically prepared by acid-catalyzed condensation of the appropriate resorcinol or 3-aminophenol with phthalic anhydride. Condensation of substituted phthalic anhydride species results in functionalized fluorophores that are formed as mixed isomers. Crystallization approaches to isomer separation have been reported elsewhere for symmetric fluorescein carboxylates