叠氮化钠

• 分子结构分类: 无机化合物 - 混合金属/非金属化合物 - 碱金属有机物
• 中文名称: 叠氮化钠
• 中文别名: 迭氮钠；叠氮钠；迭氮化钠；防腐剂N3
• 英文名称: sodium azide
• 英文别名: NaN₃；natrium azide；azidosodium；Caswell No. 744A；sodium;azide
• 化学式: N₃Na
• 分子量: 65.0099
• InChiKey: PXIPVTKHYLBLMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  0.08
• 重原子数：
  4
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  -2147483.648
• 拓扑面积：
  3
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  2

ADMET

代谢

基于体外数据，肝脏生物转化被认为是解毒的主要途径。

... Hepatic biotransformation was considered to be the primary route of detoxification based on in vitro data.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

识别和使用：叠氮化钠是一种无色至白色结晶固体，在水中形成肼酸。它用于有机合成，以及用于制备肼酸、铅叠氮化物和纯钠。其他用途包括区分细菌、在自动血液计数器中，以及作为实验室试剂的防腐剂。它还是充气汽车安全气囊的推进剂。农业用途包括杀线虫剂、除草剂和水果防霉控制。人类研究：过度暴露的潜在症状包括眼睛和皮肤刺激、恶心、呕吐、不安、腹泻、头痛、头晕、虚弱、视力模糊、呼吸困难、低血压、心动过速、心动过缓、呼吸急促、体温过低、酸中毒、抽搐和肾脏变化。有报道称自杀性摄入叠氮化钠导致的死亡案例。当吸收大量剂量时，死亡会迅速发生，这可能是由于叠氮化钠的直接作用，或者由于一氧化氮、氰离子或叠氮化钠产生的肼酸间接作用。人类的最小低血压剂量介于0.2和0.4微克/千克之间。在一化工厂中，对41名暴露工人和42名未暴露工人进行了为期3年的神经心理学和心理测试、问卷调查以及血液学和心脏测量。暴露工人的急性暴露症状（头痛、眩晕、恶心、疲劳、心悸、眼睛刺激或发红）明显多于未暴露工人。然而，只有一种慢性症状反复且更显著地被报告，即手颤抖。叠氮化物是少数几种已知的不增加姐妹染色单体交换（SCEs）和/或染色体断裂的强突变原之一。动物研究：叠氮化钠抑制牛角膜的呼吸，可能是通过毒害细胞色素氧化酶。在大鼠中反复腹腔注射（每15至30分钟5至10毫克/千克，持续3至6小时）导致严重中毒；一些幸存者显示出中枢神经系统和睾丸损伤的神经纤维损伤和脱髓鞘，但没有肝脏或肾脏的病变。在猴子中进行肌肉注射8至10毫克/千克产生惊厥和呼吸暂停，导致许多动物死亡。在幸存者中，继发于小脑皮质损伤的共济失调发展；重复给药导致视神经坏死和脱髓鞘以及尾状核和豆状核的破坏。在一项慢性大鼠研究中，最大耐受剂量和一半水平的剂量通过饮食或每周两次胃管给药，持续18个月，确定叠氮化钠不具有致癌性。给雄性小鼠服用叠氮化钠可产生不育。叠氮化钠有效地使S. typhimurium TA1530菌株发生回复突变，表明它是一种碱替换突变原。它对框架移位突变株无效。它在大麦、水稻、豌豆、酵母和中国仓鼠V79细胞中具有高度突变性。然而，叠氮化物在大麦或Vicia中似乎不产生染色体断裂。生态毒理学研究：在酸性环境中，叠氮化钠是鲑鱼精子DNA的一种强突变原。在口服突变剂量100毫克/升后，昆虫中观察到可遗传的易位。叠氮化钠在大麦种子中诱导了高频率的突变。叠氮化钠不能在大豆中诱导体细胞交换和染色体断裂。

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Sodium azide is a colorless to white crystalline solid, forming hydrazoic acid in water. It is used in organic synthesis, and in the preparation of hydrazoic acid, lead azide, and pure sodium. Other uses include the differential selection of bacteria, in automatic blood counters, and as a preservative for laboratory reagents. It is also a propellant for inflating automotive safety bags. Agricultural uses including nematocide, herbicide, and fruit rot control. HUMAN STUDIES: Potential symptoms of overexposure include irritation of eyes and skin, nausea, vomiting, restlessness, diarrhea, headache, dizziness, weakness, blurred vision, dyspnea, hypotension, tachycardia, bradycardia, tachypnea, hypothermia, acidosis, convulsions, and kidney changes. Cases of fatal sodium azide poisoning induced by suicidal ingestion have been reported. Death occurs rapidly when significant doses are absorbed, either due to the direct effect of sodium azide or an indirect effect due to nitric oxide, cyanide ions or hydrazoic acid production from sodium azide. The minimal hypotensive dose in humans lies between 0.2 and 0.4 ug/kg. Neuropsychological and psychological tests, a questionnaire, and hematological and cardiac measurements were gathered from 41 exposed workers and 42 unexposed workers in a chemical production plant yearly for 3 years. The exposed workers presented significantly more acute symptoms of exposure (headache, vertigo, nausea, fatigue, cardiac palpitations, irritated or red eyes) than did the unexposed workers. However, only one chronic symptom was repeatedly and more significantly reported, namely trembling of the hands. Azide is one of the few known potent mutagens that does not increase sister-chromatid exchanges SCEs and/or break chromosomes. ANIMAL STUDIES: Sodium azide inhibits respiration of bovine cornea, presumably by poisoning cytochrome oxidase. Repeated intraperitoneal injections in rats (5 to 10 mg/kg every 15 to 30 min for 3 to 6 hr) resulted in severe intoxication; some survivors showed injury and demyelination of nerve fibers in the central nervous system and testicular damage, but no lesions of liver or kidney. Intramuscular injection of 8 to 10 mg/kg in monkeys produced convulsions and apnea and resulted in the deaths of many of these animals. Among those who survived, ataxia developed secondary to the lesions in the cerebellar cortex; repeated administration caused necrosis and demyelination of the optic nerves and destruction of the caudate nucleus and putamen of the lenticular nucleus. In a chronic rat study in which the maximum tolerated dose and half that level were given in the diet or by gastric intubation twice weekly for 18 months, sodium azide was determined to be noncarcinogenic. Sterility has been produced in male mice given sodium azide. Sodium azide effectively reverts S. typhimurium strain TA1530, indicating that it is a base substitution mutagen. It is ineffective on strains which are frameshift mutants. It is highly mutagenic in barley, rice, peas, yeast and Chinese hamster V79 cells. However, azide apparently does not produce chromosome breaks in barley or Vicia. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: Sodium azide is a potent mutagen of salmon sperm DNA in an acidic environment. Heritable translocation noted in insects after oral mutation dose 100 mg/L. Sodium azide induced a high frequency of mutations in barley seeds. Sodium azide does not induce somatic crossing over and chromosome breaks in soybeans.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 致癌性证据

A4；不可分类为人类致癌物。/作为叠氮化钠或作为肼蒸气/

A4; Not classifiable as a human carcinogen. /As sodium azide or as hydrazoic acid vapor/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 暴露途径

该物质可以通过吸入和摄入被身体吸收。

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation and by ingestion.

来源:ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)

毒理性

• 暴露途径

吸入，皮肤吸收，吞食，皮肤和/或眼睛接触

inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

来源:The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

毒理性

• 症状

眼睛刺激，皮肤刺激；头痛，头晕，乏力（虚弱，疲劳），视力模糊；低血压，心动过缓；肾脏变化

irritation eyes, skin; headache, dizziness, lassitude (weakness, exhaustion), blurred vision; low blood pressure, bradycardia; kidney changes

来源:The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

吸收、分配和排泄

... 钠叠氮化物在大鼠口服40 mg/kg单一剂量后5分钟出现在血浆中，到24小时时，血液或外周组织中已检测不到叠氮化物。给药剂量的一小部分（7.9微克）通过大鼠尿液排出，但在呼出气体或粪便中没有检测到叠氮化物。

... Sodium azide appeared in rat plasma 5 minutes after a single oral dose at 40 mg/kg and ... by 24 hours, no azide could be detected in either blood or peripheral tissues. A small fraction (7.9 ug) of the administered dose was eliminated in rat urine, but no azide was detected in expired air or feces.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

当老鼠在147天内每天通过饮水摄入23毫克/千克的亚硝酸钠时，在它们的血液中找不到亚硝酸盐。

When rats were given daily doses of 23 mg/kg sodium azide in their drinking water for 147 days, no azide could be found in their blood.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

... 用于治疗牛蹄的腐蹄病 ... 硫酸钠的渗透率 ... 低于每小时0.05至0.24毫米。... 在治疗中加入月桂基硫酸钠增强了 ... 硫酸钠的渗透率大约6倍。

... For treatment of foot rot /in the bovine hoof/ ... the penetration rate ... of sodium azide /is/ less than 0.05 to 0.24 mm per hr. ... Inclusion of sodium lauryl sulfate in treatments enhanced the penetration rate of ... azide approx 6-fold.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  叠氮化钠 生成 氮化铌
  参考文献：
  名称：

  KAIEHDA, JOSIYA;OIEH, MASASI

  摘要：

  DOI：
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  迭氮酸 、 disodium;carbonate 生成 叠氮化钠
  参考文献：
  名称：

  EIBEN, K.;EVERS, H.;ROHLEDER, N.;TATZEL, H., CHEM. IND., 113,(1990) N, C. 22-26

  摘要：

  DOI：
• 作为试剂：
  描述：

  methyl (3R)-3-hydroxy-4-(2-naphthyl)butanoate 、 甲基磺酰氯 、 三乙胺 在 盐酸 、 水 、 碳酸氢钠 、 Brine 、 magnesium sulfate 、 N,N-二甲基甲酰胺 、 叠氮化钠 、 乙醚 、 甲醇 、 氢气 、 乙酸乙酯 作用下， 以 二氯甲烷 、 乙醚 为溶剂， 反应 8.67h， 以to give methyl (3S)-3-amino-4-(2-naphthyl)butanoate hydrochloride (0.44 g)的产率得到(S)-methyl 3-amino-4-(naphthalen-2-yl)butanoate hydrochloride
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Esters and amides as PLA2 inhibitors

  摘要：

  本发明涉及以下公式的新型脂肪酸衍生物：1其中R1是酰基；R2是酰基（较低）烷基；R3是氢、芳基（较低）烷基等；R4是酰基（较低）烷基；X是—O—、2[其中R5是较低烷基等]；以及其药学上可接受的盐，其作为药物有用；制备所述脂肪酸衍生物或其盐的方法；包括所述脂肪酸衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐的制药组合物等。

  公开号：

  US20020169326A1

文献信息

• Azide und Cyanamide – ähnlich und doch anders/Azides and Cyanamides – Similar and Yet Different
  作者：Olaf Reckeweg、Arndt Simon

  DOI：10.1515/znb-2003-1111

  日期：2003.11.1

  LiN3*H2O (P63/mcm (No. 193), Z = 6; 924.01(13); 560.06(7) pm); NH4N3 (Pmna (No. 53), Z =4; a=889.78(18), b=380,67(8), c=867.35(17) pm); Ca(N3)2 (Fddd (No. 70), Z = 8; a=595.4(2), b=1103.6(5), c=1133.1(6) pm), Sr(N3)2 (Fddd (No. 70), Z =8; a= 612.02(9), b = 1154.60(18), c = 1182.62(15) pm); Ba(N3)2 (P21/m (No. 11), Z = 2; a = 544.8(1), b = 439.9(1), c = 961.3(2) pm, β = 99.64(3)°) and TlN3 (I4/mcm (No. 140)

  摘要 LiN3*H2O 的晶体结构 (P63/mcm (No. 193), Z = 6; 924.01(13); 560.06(7) pm); NH4N3 (Pmna (No. 53), Z =4; a=889.78(18), b=380,67(8), c=867.35(17) pm); Ca(N3)2 (Fddd (No. 70), Z = 8; a=595.4(2), b=1103.6(5), c=1133.1(6) pm), Sr(N3)2 (Fddd (No. 70), Z = 8; a = 612.02(9), b = 1154.60(18), c = 1182.62(15) pm); Ba(N3)2 (P21/m (No. 11), Z = 2; a = 544.8(1), b = 439.9(1), c = 961.3(2) pm, β = 99.64(3)°)和TlN3 (I4/mcm
• 1,3,4-thiadiazoles and 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles as .alpha..sub.v .beta..sub.3
  申请人：DuPont Pharmaceuticals Company

  公开号：US06153628A1

  公开（公告）日：2000-11-28

  This invention relates to 1,3,4-thiadiazoles and 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles of Formula (I) which are useful as antagonists of .alpha..sub.v .beta..sub.3 and related integrin receptors, to pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds, alone or in combination with other therapeutic agents, for the inhibition of cell adhesion and the tretment of angioginic disorders, inflammation, bone degradation, tumors, metastases, thrombosis, and other cell aggregation-related conditions.

  这项发明涉及公式（I）的1,3,4-噻二唑和1,3,4-噁二唑，它们可作为αvβ3及相关整合素受体的拮抗剂。涉及制药组合物，其包含这种化合物，单独或与其他治疗剂联合使用，用于抑制细胞粘附以及治疗血管生成障碍、炎症、骨质降解、肿瘤、转移瘤、血栓形成和其他与细胞聚集相关的疾病。
• Benzimidazole Derivatives As PI3 Kinase Inhibitors
  申请人：GlaxoSmithKline LLC

  公开号：US20140378456A1

  公开（公告）日：2014-12-25

  This invention relates to the use of benzimidazole derivatives for the modulation, notably the inhibition of the activity or function of the phosphoinositide 3′ OH kinase family (hereinafter PI3 kinases), suitably, PI3Kα, PI3Kδ, PI3Kβ, and/or PI3Kγ. Suitably, the present invention relates to the use of benzimidazoles in the treatment of one or more disease states selected from: autoimmune disorders, inflammatory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, allergy, asthma, pancreatitis, multiorgan failure, kidney diseases, platelet aggregation, cancer, sperm motility, transplantation rejection, graft rejection and lung injuries. More suitably, the present invention relates to PI3Kβ selective benzimidazoles compounds for treating cancer.

  本发明涉及苯并咪唑衍生物的使用，用于调节磷脂酰肌醇3′ OH激酶家族（以下简称PI3激酶）的活性或功能，特别是抑制其活性或功能，适当地，PI3Kα、PI3Kδ、PI3Kβ和/或PI3Kγ。适当地，本发明涉及苯并咪唑在治疗以下一种或多种疾病状态中的使用：自身免疫性疾病、炎症性疾病、心血管疾病、神经退行性疾病、过敏、哮喘、胰腺炎、多器官衰竭、肾脏疾病、血小板聚集、癌症、精子运动能力、移植排斥、移植物排斥和肺部损伤。更适当地，本发明涉及PI3Kβ选择性苯并咪唑化合物用于治疗癌症。
• Inhibitors of CYP 17
  申请人：BOCK Mark G.

  公开号：US20100331326A1

  公开（公告）日：2010-12-30

  The present invention provides compounds of Formula (I) and (II), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, where R 53 , R 54 , p, q, and n are as defined herein. The compounds of the present invention have been found to be useful as 17α-hydroxylase/C 17,20 -lyase inhibitors.

  本发明提供了公式(I)和(II)的化合物，或其药学上可接受的盐，其中R53、R54、p、q和n如本文所定义。本发明的化合物已被发现可用作17α-羟化酶/C17,20-裂解酶抑制剂。
• FUSED HETEROAROMATIC PYRROLIDINONES
  申请人：Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited

  公开号：US20150336964A1

  公开（公告）日：2015-11-26

  Disclosed are compounds of Formula 1, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein G, L 1 , L 2 , R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are defined in the specification. This disclosure also relates to materials and methods for preparing compounds of Formula 1, pharmaceutical compositions containing them, and their use for treating disorders, diseases, and conditions involving the immune system and inflammation, including rheumatoid arthritis, hematological malignancies, epithelial cancers (i.e., carcinomas), and other disorders, diseases, and conditions for which inhibition of SYK is indicated.

  本文披露了公式1的化合物及其药学上可接受的盐，其中G、L1、L2、R1、R2、R3和R4在规范中有定义。本文还涉及制备公式1化合物的材料和方法，包含它们的药物组合物，以及它们用于治疗涉及免疫系统和炎症的疾病、疾病和状况，包括类风湿性关节炎、血液恶性肿瘤、上皮癌（即癌症）和其他需要抑制SYK的疾病、疾病和状况。

表征谱图