Palladium-Catalyzed Diarylation of Isocyanides with Tetraarylleads for the Selective Synthesis of Imines and α-Diimines
摘要:
Using tetraaryllead compounds (PbAr4) as arylating reagents, isocyanides undergo selective diarylation in the presence of palladium catalysts such as Pd(OAc)(2) or Pd(PPh3)(4) to afford imines and/or alpha-diimines based on the isocyanide employed. With aliphatic isocyanides, imines are obtained preferentially, whereas alpha-diimines are formed in the case of electron-rich aromatic isocyanides. The differences in imine/alpha-diimine selectivity can be attributed to the stability of imidoylpalladium intermediates formed in this catalytic reaction. Compared with other arylating reagents, tetraaryllead compounds are excellent candidates for use in the selective transformations to imines and/or alpha-diimines, especially in terms of inhibiting the oligomerization of isocyanides, which results in a lower product selectivity in many transition-metal-catalyzed reactions of isocyanides.
[EN] IMPROVED CARBONYLATION PROCESS<br/>[FR] PROCÉDÉ DE CARBONYLATION AMÉLIORÉ
申请人:EASTMAN CHEM CO
公开号:WO2009123675A1
公开(公告)日:2009-10-08
Disclosed is an improved carbonylation process for the production of carboxylic acids, carboxylic acid esters, and/or carboxylic acid anhydrides wherein a carbonylation feedstock compound selected from one or more organic oxygenates such as alcohols, ethers, and esters is contacted with carbon monoxide in the presence of a carbonylation catalyst and one or more onium compounds. The carbonylation process differs from known carbonylation processes in that a halide compound, other than the onium salt, such as a hydrogen halide (typically, hydrogen iodide) and/or an alkyl halide (typically, methyl iodide), extraneous or exogenous to the carbonylation process is not fed or supplied to the process. The process can be improved by using a bidentate ligand comprising two functional groups selected from tertiary amines and tertiary phosphines, such as 2,2'-bipyridine and diphosphine derivatives.
Palladium-Catalyzed Diarylation of Isocyanides with Tetraarylleads for the Selective Synthesis of Imines and α-Diimines
Using tetraaryllead compounds (PbAr4) as arylating reagents, isocyanides undergo selective diarylation in the presence of palladium catalysts such as Pd(OAc)(2) or Pd(PPh3)(4) to afford imines and/or alpha-diimines based on the isocyanide employed. With aliphatic isocyanides, imines are obtained preferentially, whereas alpha-diimines are formed in the case of electron-rich aromatic isocyanides. The differences in imine/alpha-diimine selectivity can be attributed to the stability of imidoylpalladium intermediates formed in this catalytic reaction. Compared with other arylating reagents, tetraaryllead compounds are excellent candidates for use in the selective transformations to imines and/or alpha-diimines, especially in terms of inhibiting the oligomerization of isocyanides, which results in a lower product selectivity in many transition-metal-catalyzed reactions of isocyanides.