ABSTRACT
Chagas disease (CD), a neglected tropical disease caused by
Trypanosoma cruzi
, remains a serious public health problem in several Latin American countries. The available chemotherapies for CD have limited efficacy and exhibit undesirable side effects. Aromatic diamidines and arylimidamides (AIAs) have shown broad-spectrum activity against intracellular parasites, including
T. cruzi
. Therefore, our aim was to evaluate the biological activity of eight novel AIAs (16DAP002, 16SAB079, 18SAB075, 23SMB022, 23SMB026, 23SMB054, 26SMB070, and 27SMB009) against experimental models of
T. cruzi
infection
in vitro
and
in vivo
. Our data show that none of the compounds induced a loss of cellular viability up to 32 μM. Two AIAs, 18SAB075 and 16DAP002, exhibited good
in vitro
activity against different parasite strains (Y and Tulahuen) and against the two relevant forms of the parasite for mammalian hosts. Due to the excellent selective indexes of 18SAB075, this AIA was moved to
in vivo
tests for acute toxicity and parasite efficacy; nontoxic doses (no-observed-adverse-effect level [NOAEL], 50 mg/kg) were employed in the tests for parasite efficacy. In experimental models of acute
T. cruzi
infection, 18SAB075 reduced parasitemia levels only up to 50% and led to 40% protection against mortality (at 5 mg/kg of body weight), being less effective than the reference drug, benznidazole.
摘要
南美锥虫病(CD)是一种被忽视的热带疾病,由南美锥虫引起。
南美锥虫病
在一些拉丁美洲国家,恰加斯病仍然是一个严重的公共卫生问题。现有的南美锥虫病化疗药物疗效有限,且存在不良副作用。芳香族二脒和芳基脒(AIAs)对细胞内寄生虫具有广谱活性,包括
T. cruzi
.因此,我们的目的是评估八种新型 AIAs(16DAP002、16SAB079、18SAB075、23SMB022、23SMB026、23SMB054、26SMB070 和 27SMB009)对实验模型中的巡游蓟马的生物活性。
克鲁兹绦虫
感染
体外
和
体内
.我们的数据显示,在 32 μM 以下,没有一种化合物会导致细胞活力丧失。18SAB075 和 16DAP002 这两种 AIA 在体外和体内均表现出良好的活性。
体外
18SAB075 和 16DAP002 对不同的寄生虫菌株(Y 型和 Tulahuen 型)以及哺乳动物宿主的两种相关寄生虫表现出良好的体外活性。由于 18SAB075 具有出色的选择性指标,这种 AIA 被转用于
体内
在寄生虫药效试验中,采用了无毒剂量(无观测不良效应水平[NOAEL],50 毫克/千克)。在急性
T. cruzi
感染的实验模型中,18SAB075 最多只能降低 50%的寄生虫血症水平,并能降低 40% 的死亡率(按每公斤体重 5 毫克计算),效果不如参考药物苯并咪唑。