The oxidation of diethyl 3-thienylmalonate (1) by metal oxidants (Fe(ClO4)3, Mn(OAc)3, MnO2 and CuO) in various solvents at 60 °C affords dimerization products arising from side-chain and nuclear coupling of the intermediate delocalized malonyl radicals 6. Metal to sulphur binding is suggested to play a role in controlling the distribution of dimers 2 – 5. The higher thermodynamic stability of unsymmetric
Oxidation of xanthenes with manganese(III) acetate in the presence of active methylene compounds such as 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, malononitrile derivatives, acetone, and nitromethane selectively gives 9-substituted xanthene derivatives in good yields. A similar oxidation of thioxanthene also yields 2-(9-thioxanthenyl)-1,3-dicarbonyl compounds in 57-91% yields. The obtained 2-(9-xanthenyl)-1,3-dicarbonyl compounds are readily converted to 2-(9-xanthenylidene)-1,3-dicarbonyl derivatives using manganese(III) complexes or 2,3-dichloro-5, 6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone. The mechanisms for the formation of 9-substituted xanthenes are discussed on the basis of the reaction of intermediates, the electron-donating substituent effect on the xanthene ring system, effect of additives, and comparison with a reaction of radical-trapping reagents.
Electron transfer process. 49. Radical and ionic reactions of (benzoylmethyl)mercurials
作者:Glen A. Russell、Shekhar V. Kulkarni、Rajive K. Khanna
DOI:10.1021/jo00290a050
日期:1990.2
Oxidation of malonic acid derivatives by manganese(III) acetate. Aromatic malonylation reaction. Scope and limitations