Microwave-Assisted Suzuki Coupling Reactions with an Encapsulated Palladium Catalyst for Batch and Continuous-Flow Transformations
作者:Ian R. Baxendale、Charlotte M. Griffiths-Jones、Steven V. Ley、Geoffrey K. Tranmer
DOI:10.1002/chem.200501400
日期:2006.5.24
This article describes the design, optimisation and development of a Suzuki cross-coupling protocol mediated by an efficient palladium-encapsulated catalyst (Pd EnCat) under microwave irradiation. The methodology has been used in both batch mode for classical library preparation and in continuous-flow applications furnishing multigram quantities of material. Described is a method that uses direct focused
<i>t</i>BuLi-Mediated One-Pot Direct Highly Selective Cross-Coupling of Two Distinct Aryl Bromides
作者:Carlos Vila、Sara Cembellín、Valentín Hornillos、Massimo Giannerini、Martín Fañanás-Mastral、Ben L. Feringa
DOI:10.1002/chem.201502709
日期:2015.10.26
A Pd‐catalyzed direct cross‐coupling of twodistinctarylbromides mediated by tBuLi is described. The use of [Pd‐PEPPSI‐IPr] or [Pd‐PEPPSI‐IPent] as catalyst allows for the efficient one‐pot synthesis of unsymmetrical biaryls at room temperature. The key for this selective cross‐coupling is the use of an ortho‐substituted bromide that undergoes lithium–halogen exchange preferentially.
An organic electroluminescence multicolor light-emitting apparatus including:
a substrate; and a first light-emitting device and a second light-emitting device being arranged in parallel relative to the surface of the substrate; wherein the first light-emitting device includes, between an anode and a cathode, a first organic layer, a second organic layer and a third organic layer in this sequence from the anode side in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the substrate,
the second light-emitting device includes, between an anode and a cathode, a second organic layer and a third organic layer in this sequence from the anode side in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the substrate, the first organic layer includes a first emitting dopant, the third organic layer includes a second emitting dopant, and the second organic layers independently comprise any one of compounds represented by the following formulas (1) to (6).