1,10-Phenanthroline derivatives: a new ligand class in the Heck reaction. Mechanistic aspects
摘要:
Mechanistic studies concerning the use of 1,10-phenanthroline derivatives as palladium ligands in the Heck reaction are described. The work is focused on the steering factors for the coordination of unsaturated systems onto palladium(0) and palladium(II) complexes.
identify catalytic cationic organopalladium species in ligand-controlled Heck reactions involving electron-rich olefins and different Pd-sources. In these high-temperature Heck arylations, the oxidative addition intermediates were observed as bidentate ligandchelated cationic aryl palladium species, suggesting that the used ligand attaches to the metal center at the very beginning of the catalytic cycle
[figure: see text] Palladium-catalyzedarylation of the electron-rich olefin butyl vinyl ether has been accomplished in the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([bmim][BF4]), using as the arylating agents aryl iodides and bromides instead of the commonly used, but commercially unavailable and expensive, aryl triflates. The reaction proceeds with high efficiency and remarkable
Regioselective alpha-arylation of acyclic enol ethers by aryl trifluoromethanesulfonates, aryl bromide, aryl iodides, and aroyl chlorides is described. The outcome of the reaction proved to be dependent from the relationship between ligand and counterion in the oxidative addition complex.
Ligand-controlled .alpha.-regioselectivity in palladium-catalyzed arylation of butyl vinyl ether