ACGIH: TWA 2 ppm; STEL 4 ppmOSHA: TWA 2 ppm(5 mg/m3)NIOSH: IDLH 25 ppm; TWA 2 ppm(5 mg/m3); STEL 4 ppm(10 mg/m3)
物理描述：
Silvery white, malleable metal that tarnishes in moist air; [Reference #2]
颜色/状态：
Silvery metal; hexagonal
蒸汽压力：
VP: 1 Pa at 1563 °C; 10 Pa at 1755 °C; 100 Pa at 1994 °C; 1 kPa at 2300 °C; 10 kPa at 2703 °C; 100 kPa at 3262 °C (calculated from ideal gas hermodynamic functions)
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Gadolinium is a silvery rare-earth metal. It is used as nuclear control rod material to capture thermal neutrons, to make gadolinium yttrium garnets, and to improve the workability and resistance of iron, chromium, and related alloys to high temperature and oxidation. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: No information has been found. ANIMAL STUDIES: No information has been found.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
副作用
Nephrotoxin - The chemical is potentially toxic to the kidneys in the occupational setting.
肾毒素 - 该化学品在职业环境中可能对肾脏有毒。
Nephrotoxin - The chemical is potentially toxic to the kidneys in the occupational setting.
来源:Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/
/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
解毒与急救
/SRP:/ 高级治疗：对于昏迷、严重肺水肿或严重呼吸困难的病人，考虑进行口咽或鼻咽气管插管以控制气道。使用气囊面罩装置的正压通气技术可能有益。考虑使用药物治疗肺水肿……。对于严重的支气管痉挛，考虑给予β激动剂，如沙丁胺醇……。监测心率和必要时治疗心律失常……。开始静脉输注D5W TKO /SRP: "保持开放"，最低流量/。如果出现低血容量的迹象，使用0.9%生理盐水（NS）或乳酸钠林格氏液（LR）。对于伴有低血容量迹象的低血压，谨慎给予液体。注意液体过载的迹象……。用地西泮或劳拉西泮治疗癫痫……。使用丙美卡因氢氯化物协助眼部冲洗……。/毒素A和B/
/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W TKO /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/
... Gadolinium-153 ((153)Gd)-labeled gadopentetate (Magnevist), gadoteridol (ProHance), gadoterate (Dotarem), and gadodiamide (Omniscan) were administered iv to mice (0.48 mmol/kg) and rats (0.1 mmol/kg). At various times up to 14 days posttreatment, the residual 153Gd was measured in selected tissues. The tissue distributions obtained were used to make intra- and interchelate distribution evaluations and comparisons regarding tissue clearance and any possible in vivo dissociation of the Gd chelates. .... Differences were found among the chelates studied relative to the amounts of residual 153Gd present in tissues known to sequester free Gd, particularly in liver and femur at 7 and 14 days after administration, in both mice and rats. The pattern of the 153Gd distribution suggested that the linear chelates, gadopentetate and gadodiamide, dissociated in vivo resulting in more 153Gd present in bone and liver at the longer residence times than in the subjects injected with the macrocyclic chelates, gadoteridol and gadoterate. The only excipient found to affect the distribution profile was calcium(DTPA-BMA); this excipient in formulated gadodiamide decreased the amounts of residual Gd measured in whole body, bone, and liver in mice compared with levels obtained when gadodiamide was injected alone. ...
The high-temperature magnetic properties of the Sm1-xGdx(Co0.74Fe0.10Cu0.12Zr0.04)(7.50) (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8) series of magnets are investigated in the range between 50 and 650degreesC. The pertinent properties are the saturation magnetization, the coercivity H-c and their temperature coefficients, a and, respectively. Gd substitution is made in order to improve the temperature coefficient of magnetization. The values of the coefficient alpha are in the range (-0.3, 0.3%/degreesC) while the values of the coefficient beta are in the range (-0.2, 0.2%/degreesC). The best results were obtained for the x = 0.4 sample, for which the saturation magnetization was almost independent of temperature in the range between 150 and 500degreesC. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
U(IV)/LN(III) unexpected mixed site in polymetallic oxalato complexes. Part II. Substitution of U(IV) for Ln(III) in the new oxalates (N2H5)Ln(C2O4)2·nH2O (Ln=Nd, Gd)
lanthanide and oxalateions. The lanthanide atom is coordinated by eight oxygen atoms from four tetradentate oxalateions and one aqua oxygen. Alternating lanthanide and oxalateions form six-membered rings that delimit tunnels running down three directions and occupied by hydrazinium and water molecules. Starting from these lanthanide(III) compounds two isotypic mixed Ln(III)/U(IV) oxalates, (N2H5)0.75[Nd0
Primary aminomethyl derivatives of kaempferol: hydrogen bond-assisted synthesis, anticancer activity and spectral properties
作者：Shuanglian Cai、Yangyang Kong、Dan Xiao、Yun Chen、Qiuan Wang
DOI：10.1039/c7ob02927f
日期：——
products of kaempferol. The formation of appropriate hydrogen bonds between strong nucleophilic amino acids and phenol is essential for the smooth reaction of the SN2 nucleophilicsubstitution. The SN2 mechanism hypothesis involving a hydrogen bond-assisted process was also supported by the density functional theory (DFT) analysis. An antiproliferative test of synthetic compounds shows the moderate to potent
通过涉及曼尼希反应和S N 2亲核取代两个步骤的组合策略合成了山emp酚的一系列伯氨甲基伯衍生物。产物的结构表明，优先的氨基甲基化在山emp酚的A环的C-6或C-8位置，尤其是后者。有趣的是，实验数据表明分子间氢键在山ka酚的主要氨基甲基产物的形成中起关键作用。在强亲核氨基酸和苯酚之间形成适当的氢键对于S N 2亲核取代的平稳反应是必不可少的。在S Ñ密度泛函理论（DFT）分析也支持涉及氢键辅助过程的2种机理假说。合成化合物的抗增殖测试显示，通过CCK-8分析，它对三种人类癌细胞系（HeLa，HCC1954和SK-OV-3）具有中等至有效的细胞毒活性。化合物4e对HeLa细胞显示出选择性的抗增殖活性，且IC50值较低（4.27μm），值得进一步开发。另一个有趣的结果是，大多数金属络合物的最大发射带位于约480 nm处，而Tm和Yb络合物的最大发射带出现在约533 nm处。
Synthesis, Potentiometric, Kinetic, and NMR Studies of 1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane-1,7-bis(acetic acid)-4,10-bis(methylenephosphonic acid) (DO2A2P) and its Complexes with Ca(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Lanthanide(III) Ions
作者：Ferenc K. Kálmán、Zsolt Baranyai、Imre Tóth、István Bányai、Róbert Király、Ernö Brücher、Silvio Aime、Xiankai Sun、A. Dean Sherry、Zoltán Kovács
DOI：10.1021/ic7024704
日期：2008.5.1
Gd(DO2A2P) (at pH = 3.45 and 8.5) between 274 and 350 K are practically the same, characteristic of a q = 0 complex. Detailed kineticstudies of the Ce (3+) and Gd (3+) complexes with DO2A2P showed that complex formation is slow and involves a high stability diprotonated intermediate Ln(H 2DO2A2P)*. Rearrangement of the diprotonated intermediate into the final complex is an OH (-) assisted process but, unlike
Magnetic properties of a new series of rare-earth iron nitrides: R<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>17</sub>N<sub>y</sub>(y approximately 2.6)
作者：Hong Sun、J M D Coey、Y Otani、D P F Hurley
DOI：10.1088/0953-8984/2/30/013
日期：1990.7.30
A series of interstitial ternary nitridesR2Fe17Ny with 2.3
一系列间隙三元氮化物 R2Fe17Ny 与 2.3
Magnetic properties of R2Fe14M3 compounds with M = Ga and SI; R = Y, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er and Tm
作者：Bao-gen Shen、Bing Liang、Zhao-hua Cheng、Hua-yang Gong、Wen-shan Zhan、Hong Tang、F.R. de Boer、K.H.J. Buschow
DOI：10.1016/s0038-1098(97)00152-x
日期：1997.7
and Si; R = Y, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er and Tm) have been prepared by are-melting. Crystal-structure studies have shown that the prepared samples are single phase with the rhombohedral Th2Zn17 and/or the hexagonal Th2Ni17 structure. Substitution of Ga for Fe in R2Fe17 leads to an increase of the unit-cell volume, whereas Si substitution reduces the unit-cell volume. The Curie temperatures of the R2Fe14Ga3
已经通过熔化制备了组成为 R2Fe14M3（M = Ga 和 Si；R = Y、Nd、Sm、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er 和 Tm）的样品。晶体结构研究表明，制备的样品是具有菱形 Th2Zn17 和/或六角形 Th2Ni17 结构的单相。在 R2Fe17 中用 Ga 替代 Fe 导致晶胞体积增加，而 Si 替代降低了晶胞体积。R2Fe14Ga3 和 R2Fe14Si3 化合物的居里温度远大于相应的 R2Fe17 化合物的居里温度。Fe 矩在 Ga 或 Si 取代时降低。R2Fe14Ga3 和 R2Fe14Si3（R = Er 和 Tm）化合物在低温下表现出自旋-重定向转变。(C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.
